Cardiovascular: What is the anatomy of the mediastinum in relation to endovascular interventions?

Question 1

where is the horrific inlet?

Answer 1

bounded by ribs 1, T1 vertebra and jugular notch

Question 2

where is the transverse thoracic plane?

Answer 2

between sternal angle, and T4/T5 intervertral disc

Question 3

what gland is located in the anterior mediastinum?

Answer 3

Thymus gland

Question 4

What does the Thymus gland do?

Answer 4

this produces t-lymphocytes in childhood

Question 5

What does this Thymus gland get replaced by?

Answer 5

adipose tissue after puberty

Question 6

what is found in the middle mediastinum?

Answer 6

pericardium, heart, tracheal bifurcation

Question 7

What is found in the posterior mediastinum?

Answer 7

azygous vein, sympathetic trunks, thoracic duct, vagus nerve, trachea, main bronchi, thoracic aorta

Question 8

where does the azygous vein drain into?

Answer 8

superior vena cava

Question 9

where does the posterior intercostal veins drain into?

Answer 9

azygous vein

Question 10

where does the right lymphatic duct drain into?

Answer 10

right venous angle

Question 11

where does the thoracic duct drain into?

Answer 11

left venous angle

Question 12

where are the broncho-pulmonary lymph nodes found?

Answer 12

they surround the main bronchus at the lung root

Question 13

where is the left venous angle?

Answer 13

left sterno-clavicular joint

Question 14

what is the cistern chyli?

Answer 14

swollen start of thoracic duct in the abdomen

Question 15

where does the right phrenic nerve pass through?

Answer 15

passes through the diaphragm with the IVC to supply the diaphragm from the inferior aspect

Question 16

what is the ligamentum arteriosum?

Answer 16

remnant of ductus arteriousus

Question 17

where do you feel referred pain from a liver abscess or inflammation of the gall bladder?

Answer 17

shoulder tip

Question 18

why do you feel pain in the shoulder tip in a liver abscess or an inflammation of the gall bladder?

Answer 18

supra-clavicular nerves (C3,4) supply dermatones over the shoulder and enter the spinal chord at the same level as the phrenic nerves

Question 19

what supplies the pharynx and larynx?

Answer 19

recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 20

where is the femoral artery located?

Answer 20

inferior to midpoint of inguinal ligament

Question 21

where is the popliteal artery located?

Answer 21

in popliteal fossa (immediately posterior to knee joint)

Question 22

where is the posterior tibial artery?

Answer 22

between the posterior border of the medial malleolus and the achilles tendon

Question 23

where is the dosoralis pedis artery located?

Answer 23

medial to tendon of extensor hallucis longs on the dorsum of the foot

Question 24

what is involved in the arterial access of the left side of the heart?

Answer 24

radial artery
subclavian artery
femoral artery

Question 25

what is involves in the venous access to the right side of the heart?

Answer 25

internal jugular vein

femoral vein