Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medicine; Phase 1 > Respiratory anatomy > Flashcards

Respiratory anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what are the nerve roots for the primary innervation of the diaphragm?

A

C3 C4 C5

keep the diaphragm alive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how many lobes are there in the right lung?

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

why are there only 2 lobes on the left lung?

A

space taken up by the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what nerve innervate the diaphragm

A

phrenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the parasympathetic supply of the lungs?

A

vagus nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

at what vertebral level is the carina?

A

T4/5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the carina

A

bifurcation of the trachea into two main bronchi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the anatomical surface marking of the horizontal fissure?

A

right 4th rib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what type of epithelium is respiratory epithelium?

A

ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the role of cillia?

A

keep the airway clear, removal of mucous which collects bacteria and dust which is inhaled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

role of type 1 pneumocytes

A

thin barrier for diffusion, connected by tight junctions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

role of type 2 pneumocytes

A

secret surfactant, decreases surface tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

role of alveolar macrophages

A

immune cells, derived from monocytes, ingest bacteria and particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the pores of kohn

A

holes that keep lungs ventilated, allows transmission of infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the role of the 3 turbinates in the nose?

A

double the surface area of the nose and create the superior, middle and inferior meatus

to increase the amount of inspired air that can come into contact with the cavity walls

make the air flow slower and more turbulant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the function of the nose

A

control the temperature of inspired air
filter function
defense- cillia take inhaled particles backwards to be swallowed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the turbinates/ conchae

A

curved shells of bone projecting out of the lateral walls of the nasal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are meatuses

A

pathways of air caused by turbinates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

describe the features of the superior, middle and inferior meatus

A

superior- olfactory epithelium, cribriform plate. sphenoid sinus

middle- sinus openings

inferior- nasolacrimal duct (drain tears from eyes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

where do the paranasal sinuses drain into

A

nasal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are the 4 sinuses

A

frontal sinus,
ethmoid sinus
maxillary sinus
sphenoid sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

nerve supply to frontal sinus

A

ophthalmic division of V nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are the borders of the pharynx

A

base of skull and ends at the inferior border of cricoid cartilage C6

24
Q

where is the nasopharynx + lined by located

A

base of skull and soft palate

respiratory epithelium

25
Q

what is respiratory epithelium

A

ciliated, pseudostratifed columnar epithelium with goblet cells

26
Q

where is the oropharynx located

A

between soft palate and superior border of epiglottis

27
Q

role of larynx

A

voice box, phonation and cough reflex

valve function- prevent liquids and food entering lungs

28
Q

how are the vocal cords changed

A

arythenoid cartilages rotate on the cricoid cartilage

29
Q

what are the single larynx cartilages

A

epiglottis, cricoid and thyroid

30
Q

what are the paired larynx cartilages

A

cuneform(strengthen vocal cords)
corniculate
arythenoid (rotate on cricoid cartilage to change vocal cords)

31
Q

what nerve innervates the larynx

A

superior and recurrent layngeal nerve

branches or vagus nerve

32
Q

what does the internal and external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve innervate

A

internal- sensation to laynx

external- cricothyroid muscle

33
Q

what does recurrent laryngeal nerve innervate

how do left and right differ

A

all muscles except cricothyroid
left- loops under aorta
right- plane between trachea and oesophagus

34
Q

what is the minute ventilation and cardiac output to the lungs

A

minute ventilation= 5L

cardiac output= 5 litres per minute

35
Q

what is superior and inferior border of trachea

A

larynx to carina (T5)

36
Q

what is the shape of trachea cartilage

A

semilunar

37
Q

epithelium of trachea

A

respiratory

pseudostratified, ciliated, columnar epithelium

38
Q

which bronchi is more vertically disposed

A

right

left has to make room for the heart

39
Q

order of lower resp structure

A 
trachea 
main bronchi 
lobar bronchi 
segmental branches 
terminal bronchiole 
respiratory bronchiole 
alveolar ducts and alveoli
40
Q

what is in the hylum of the lung

A

airways and blood vessels

41
Q

how many lobes does each lung have

A

right- 3

left- 2

42
Q

right lung lobar bronichi names

A

upper lobe
middle lobe
lower lobe

43
Q

left lung lobar bronchi names

A

upper lobe and ligular

lower lobe

44
Q

what is the last conducting unit

A

terminal bronchiole

45
Q

where is an acinus located

A

distal to terminal bronchiole

46
Q

describe an acinus

A

profuse alveoli
increasing subdivsion
ducts are small tubes with multiple alveoli

47
Q

what are the interconnection between alveoli called

A

pores of kohn

48
Q

what cell produces surfactant

A

type II pneumocytes

49
Q

role of surfactant

A

breaks down surface tension so that alveoli stays open

50
Q

what does sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation cause

A

sympathetic- bronchodilation

parasympathetic- brochoconstriction

51
Q

where does the pleura originate from

A

mesoderm

52
Q

2 main layers of pleura

A

visceral- applied to lung surface

parietal- applied to internal chest

53
Q

where are the visceral and parietal layer continuous with each other

A

lung root

54
Q

parietal or visceral has pain sensation?

A

parietal pleura

55
Q

what innervation for visceral pleura

A

autonomic innervation

56
Q

where do L and R pulmonary arteries run from

A

R ventricle

57
Q

what arteries suppy lungs with oxygenated blood

A

bronchial arteries

Medicine; Phase 1 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions