Cardio embryology

Question 1

role advantage of elastic arteries

Answer 1

role- major distribution vessels

+ increase efficiency

Question 2

role and advantage of muscular arteries

Answer 2

role- main distributing branches

+ regulatory control/ control distribution

Question 3

which are the larger arteries, elastic or muscular

Answer 3

elastic

Question 4

what are the functional part of circulation

Answer 4

capillaries

Question 5

what regulates blood flow in capillaries

Answer 5

precapillary sphincters

Question 6

what are the three types of capillary

Answer 6

continuous
fenestrated
discontinuous

Question 7

which layer does the circulation develop from

Answer 7

mesoderm

Question 8

what is gastulation

Answer 8

mass movement and invagination of the blastula to form 3 layers

Question 9

what are the 3 layers in embryology

Answer 9

ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm

Question 10

what do the 3 layers of embryology form

Answer 10

ectoderm- outside- skin, nervous system
mesoderm- middle- most organ system, all muscles
endoderm- gastrointestinal tract & endocrine organs

Question 11

what layer forms the cardiovascular system

Answer 11

mesoderm

Question 12

what is formed from 1st and 2nd heart fields

Answer 12

1st- left ventricle

2nd- outflow tract, atria, right ventricle

Question 13

what do the sinus venosus become

Answer 13

smooth R atria
vena cavae
coronary sinus

Question 14

what does truncus arteriosus become

Answer 14

aorta

pulmonary trunk

Question 15

primitive ventricle

Answer 15

majority of ventricles

Question 16

primitive atrium

Answer 16

entire L atrium

anterior R atrium

Question 17

what grows to separate the one common atria and ventricle into left and right

Answer 17

endocardial cushions

Question 18

what is the name of the foramen that allows shunting of blood between atria in the interatrial septum

Answer 18

foramen secundum

Question 19

what extends over the foramen secundum to form the foramen ovale

Answer 19

septum secundum

Question 20

describe the formaen ovale

Answer 20

small unidirectional hole which only allow blood flow from right to left atrium

Question 21

what is the truncus arteriosus

Answer 21

original outflow of left and right ventricle

Question 22

what does bulbus cordus become

Answer 22

smooth outflow parts of L & R ventricles

Question 23

what do the 4th and 6th aortic arches form

Answer 23

4th- aorta

6th- pulmonary trunk

Question 24

what happens at the bifucation of the truncus arteriosus

Answer 24

ridges spiral down and fuse together to form aorta and pulmonary trunk

Question 25

what do 1st 2nd and 3rd, 7th aortic arches develop into

Answer 25

1st- maxillary 2nd- stapedial 3th- internal carotid artery 7th- subclavian

Question 26

what does the 5th aortic arch develop into

Answer 26

NOTHING

Question 27

what is the ductus arteriosus

Answer 27

blood vessel that connects pulmonary trunk to aorta, so most of blood can go from right ventricle to aorta (bypass lungs)

Question 28

what does ductus arteriosus become after birth/ constriction

Answer 28

ligamentum arteriosum

Question 29

how does the foramen ovale close to become the fossa ovalis

Answer 29

increased L atrial pressure and decreased R atrial pressure

Question 30

what is the ductus venosus and what name after birth

Answer 30

shunt that allows oxygenated blood to go to R atrium from umbilical vein ligamentum venosus