Cardio anatomy+ histology

Question 1

what are heart valves made from

Answer 1

connective tissue and endocardium

Question 2

does the right or left atrium receive deoxygenated blood

Answer 2

right (inferior and superior vena cava and coronary veins)

Question 3

where does deoxygenated blood from the coronary veins enter the right atrium

Answer 3

coronary sinus

Question 4

what forms the right border of the heart

Answer 4

right atrium

Question 5

what is the right auricle

Answer 5

muscular pouch that increases the capacity of the atrium

Question 6

name of valve between right atrium and R ventricle

Answer 6

tricuspid

Question 7

what is the cristae terminalis

Answer 7

divides inferior surface of right atrium into 2 parts

Question 8

which division of cristae terminalis has a rough muscular wall

Answer 8

anterior to cristae terminalis

atrium proper

Question 9

which division of cristae terminalis has smooth walls

Answer 9

posterior to Cristae terminalis

sinus venarum

Question 10

name of cusps on tricuspid valve

Answer 10

anterior, septal, posterior

Question 11

what attaches the tricuspid valve to papillary muscles

Answer 11

chordae tendinae

Question 12

how many papillary muscles in total in heart and where located

Answer 12

5 total
3 in right ventricle
2 in left ventricle

Question 13

name of vessel that receives blood from right ventricle

Answer 13

pulmonary trunk and arteries

Question 14

what are trabeculae carnae

Answer 14

irregular muscles in inflow portion of right ventricle.

(ridges, pillars (papillary), bridges

Question 15

difference between inflow and outflow portion of right ventricle

Answer 15

inflow- rough muscular walls

outflow- smooth walls (no trabeculae carne)

Question 16

where is fossa ovalis located

Answer 16

right atrium, interatrial septum

Question 17

what is fossa ovalis

Answer 17

remnant of foramen ovale (in fetus, let blood flow between right and left atrium to bypass lungs, closes at 1st breathe)

Question 18

name of semilunar valve right atrium

Answer 18

pulmonary valve

Question 19

when do atrioventricular valves close

Answer 19

during systole (ventricular contraction)

Question 20

when do semilunar valves close

Answer 20

dystole (ventricular relaxation)

Question 21

what is 1st and 2nd heart sound

Answer 21

1st - atrioventricular valves close

2nd- semilunar valves close

Question 22

name of left atrioventricular valve

Answer 22

mitral/ biscupid

Question 23

what forms posterior border of heart

Answer 23

left atrium

Question 24

where does oxygenated blood come from into left atrium

Answer 24

pulmonary veins

Question 25

which is thicker, right or left ventricle

Answer 25

left, pumps blood to body

Question 26

semilunar valve left ventricle

Answer 26

aortic valve

Question 27

level of arch of aorta

Answer 27

T4

Question 28

apex of heart location

Answer 28

5th intercostal space, midclavicluar line on left side

Question 29

inferior border of heart

Answer 29

L & R ventricles

Question 30

superior border of heart

Answer 30

L & R atria and great vessels

Question 31

where do coronary arteries arise from

Answer 31

left and right aortic sinuses

Question 32

when do the coronary arteries fill with blood

Answer 32

heart relaxation (diastole)

Question 33

What does the Right coronary artery (RCA) divide into anteriorly

Answer 33

right marginal artery (RMA) and posterior inter-ventricular artery (PIv)

Question 34

what does the left coronary artery divide into (LCA) anteriorly

Answer 34

Left marginal artery and left anterior descending artery

Question 35

which divides twice anteriorly, RCA or LCA

Answer 35

LCA (2) - LMA, LAD | RCA (1)- RMA

Question 36

what does the RCA and LCA become when they are posterior

Answer 36

RCA- posterior interventricular artery | LCA- circumflex artery

Question 37

occlusion of which artery is most likely to result in a fatal heart attack

Answer 37

left coronary artery

Question 38

where is the mediastinum divided into superior and inferior

Answer 38

sternal angle to T4 vertebrae

Question 39

what supplies the SA node

Answer 39

right coronary artery | and left coronary artery

Question 40

what supplies the AV node

Answer 40

RCA | LCA

Question 41

where is the heart located

Answer 41

middle mediastinum

Question 42

where is the thoracic/descending aorta located

Answer 42

posterior mediastinum

Question 43

what does the brachiocephalic trunk divide into

Answer 43

right subcalavian artery | right common carotid artery

Question 44

what is the next artery coming off the aorta after the brachiocephalic trunk

Answer 44

left common carotid artery

Question 45

what level does the pulmonary trunk split into left and right pulmonary artiers

Answer 45

T5-T6

Question 46

how many arteries do the left and right pulmonary artery split into

Answer 46

2 branches each | 4 total

Question 47

which is the thicker and longer pulmonary artery

Answer 47

right pulmonary artery

Question 48

which carries oxygenated blood, pulmonary arteries or pulmonary veins

Answer 48

pulmonary veins

Question 49

how many pulmonary veins are there

Answer 49

4 | each lung has a superior and inferior

Question 50

where are the inferior left and right pulmonary vein located

Answer 50

left- helium of lung | right- superior and posterior to vena cava and right atrium

Question 51

what forms the superior vena cava

Answer 51

merging of the brachiocephalic veins

Question 52

what forms the inferior vena cava and where

Answer 52

merging of common iliac veins at pelvis

Question 53

where does the inferior vena cava enter the pericardium

Answer 53

T8

Question 54

level of arch of aorta

Answer 54

T4

Question 55

what are the features of the cardiac myocyte

Answer 55

- intercalated discs with gap junctions, adhering junctions, desmosomes - centrally nucleated - striated - branching - in register (parallel)

Question 56

what are the layers of the heart in to out

Answer 56

``` in > out endocardium myocardium epicardium pericardium ```

Question 57

describe the pericardium layers and function

Answer 57

(sac containing heart) outer fibrous layer- thin layer of fibrous connective tissue inner serous layer- covered by mesothelial cells parietal is outer layer of serous, visceral is inner layer

Question 58

describe epicardium

Answer 58

adipose tissue, vessels and nerves underlying the pericardium

Question 59

myocardium

Answer 59

thickest layer that contracts

Question 60

endocardium

Answer 60

inner layer of the heart, made of endothelial cells

Question 61

actin structure

Answer 61

polymerised globular protein with troponin and tropomyosin incorporated

Question 62

titin

Answer 62

elastic filaments that maintain alignment of sacromere

Question 63

what are the 3 types of troponin

Answer 63

I C T

Question 64

where are the invaginations of sarcolemma for T tubules

Answer 64

Z lines