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Medicine; Phase 1 > Cardio anatomy+ histology > Flashcards

Cardio anatomy+ histology Flashcards

1
Q

what are heart valves made from

A

connective tissue and endocardium

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2
Q

does the right or left atrium receive deoxygenated blood

A

right (inferior and superior vena cava and coronary veins)

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3
Q

where does deoxygenated blood from the coronary veins enter the right atrium

A

coronary sinus

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4
Q

what forms the right border of the heart

A

right atrium

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5
Q

what is the right auricle

A

muscular pouch that increases the capacity of the atrium

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6
Q

name of valve between right atrium and R ventricle

A

tricuspid

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7
Q

what is the cristae terminalis

A

divides inferior surface of right atrium into 2 parts

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8
Q

which division of cristae terminalis has a rough muscular wall

A

anterior to cristae terminalis

atrium proper

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9
Q

which division of cristae terminalis has smooth walls

A

posterior to Cristae terminalis

sinus venarum

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10
Q

name of cusps on tricuspid valve

A

anterior, septal, posterior

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11
Q

what attaches the tricuspid valve to papillary muscles

A

chordae tendinae

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12
Q

how many papillary muscles in total in heart and where located

A

5 total
3 in right ventricle
2 in left ventricle

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13
Q

name of vessel that receives blood from right ventricle

A

pulmonary trunk and arteries

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14
Q

what are trabeculae carnae

A

irregular muscles in inflow portion of right ventricle.

(ridges, pillars (papillary), bridges

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15
Q

difference between inflow and outflow portion of right ventricle

A

inflow- rough muscular walls

outflow- smooth walls (no trabeculae carne)

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16
Q

where is fossa ovalis located

A

right atrium, interatrial septum

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17
Q

what is fossa ovalis

A

remnant of foramen ovale (in fetus, let blood flow between right and left atrium to bypass lungs, closes at 1st breathe)

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18
Q

name of semilunar valve right atrium

A

pulmonary valve

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19
Q

when do atrioventricular valves close

A

during systole (ventricular contraction)

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20
Q

when do semilunar valves close

A

dystole (ventricular relaxation)

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21
Q

what is 1st and 2nd heart sound

A

1st - atrioventricular valves close

2nd- semilunar valves close

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22
Q

name of left atrioventricular valve

A

mitral/ biscupid

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23
Q

what forms posterior border of heart

A

left atrium

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24
Q

where does oxygenated blood come from into left atrium

A

pulmonary veins

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25
Q

which is thicker, right or left ventricle

A

left, pumps blood to body

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26
Q

semilunar valve left ventricle

A

aortic valve

27
Q

level of arch of aorta

A

T4

28
Q

apex of heart location

A

5th intercostal space, midclavicluar line on left side

29
Q

inferior border of heart

A

L & R ventricles

30
Q

superior border of heart

A

L & R atria and great vessels

31
Q

where do coronary arteries arise from

A

left and right aortic sinuses

32
Q

when do the coronary arteries fill with blood

A

heart relaxation (diastole)

33
Q

What does the Right coronary artery (RCA) divide into anteriorly

A

right marginal artery (RMA) and posterior inter-ventricular artery (PIv)

34
Q

what does the left coronary artery divide into (LCA) anteriorly

A

Left marginal artery and left anterior descending artery

35
Q

which divides twice anteriorly, RCA or LCA

A

LCA (2) - LMA, LAD

RCA (1)- RMA

36
Q

what does the RCA and LCA become when they are posterior

A

RCA- posterior interventricular artery

LCA- circumflex artery

37
Q

occlusion of which artery is most likely to result in a fatal heart attack

A

left coronary artery

38
Q

where is the mediastinum divided into superior and inferior

A

sternal angle to T4 vertebrae

39
Q

what supplies the SA node

A

right coronary artery

and left coronary artery

40
Q

what supplies the AV node

A

RCA

LCA

41
Q

where is the heart located

A

middle mediastinum

42
Q

where is the thoracic/descending aorta located

A

posterior mediastinum

43
Q

what does the brachiocephalic trunk divide into

A

right subcalavian artery

right common carotid artery

44
Q

what is the next artery coming off the aorta after the brachiocephalic trunk

A

left common carotid artery

45
Q

what level does the pulmonary trunk split into left and right pulmonary artiers

A

T5-T6

46
Q

how many arteries do the left and right pulmonary artery split into

A

2 branches each

4 total

47
Q

which is the thicker and longer pulmonary artery

A

right pulmonary artery

48
Q

which carries oxygenated blood, pulmonary arteries or pulmonary veins

A

pulmonary veins

49
Q

how many pulmonary veins are there

A

4

each lung has a superior and inferior

50
Q

where are the inferior left and right pulmonary vein located

A

left- helium of lung

right- superior and posterior to vena cava and right atrium

51
Q

what forms the superior vena cava

A

merging of the brachiocephalic veins

52
Q

what forms the inferior vena cava and where

A

merging of common iliac veins at pelvis

53
Q

where does the inferior vena cava enter the pericardium

A

T8

54
Q

level of arch of aorta

A

T4

55
Q

what are the features of the cardiac myocyte

A
  • intercalated discs with gap junctions, adhering junctions, desmosomes
  • centrally nucleated
  • striated
  • branching
  • in register (parallel)
56
Q

what are the layers of the heart in to out

A 
in > out 
endocardium
myocardium 
epicardium 
pericardium
57
Q

describe the pericardium layers and function

A

(sac containing heart)
outer fibrous layer- thin layer of fibrous connective tissue

inner serous layer- covered by mesothelial cells

parietal is outer layer of serous, visceral is inner layer

58
Q

describe epicardium

A

adipose tissue, vessels and nerves underlying the pericardium

59
Q

myocardium

A

thickest layer that contracts

60
Q

endocardium

A

inner layer of the heart, made of endothelial cells

61
Q

actin structure

A

polymerised globular protein with troponin and tropomyosin incorporated

62
Q

titin

A

elastic filaments that maintain alignment of sacromere

63
Q

what are the 3 types of troponin

A

I C T

64
Q

where are the invaginations of sarcolemma for T tubules

A

Z lines

Medicine; Phase 1 (10 decks)

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