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Respiratory System > Respiratory Anatomy > Flashcards

Respiratory Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

The superior thoracic aperture is known, anatomically, as

A

the thoracic inlet

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2
Q

The opening at the top of the thoracic cavity is known as

A

the thoracic inlet

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3
Q

The thoracic inlet is bounded by what structures?

A

T1 (posteriorly)
First pair of ribs (laterally)
Costal cartilage of first ribs
Superior border of the manubrium (anteriorly)

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4
Q

The upper surface of the body of the first rib is marked by

A

2 shallow grooves separated by scalene tubercle

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5
Q

The anterior groove of the first rib transmits

A

the subclavian vein

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6
Q

The posterior groove of the first rib transmits

A

the subclavian artery and the lowest trunk of the brachial plexus

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7
Q

The head of a rib articulates with the body of the thoracic vertebra of
as well as the body of the vertebra above at the

A

the same number

costovertebral joints

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8
Q

What type of joints are costovertebral joints?

A

Synovial plane

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9
Q

The tubercle of the rib articulates with the transverse process of the thoracic vertebra of the same number at what joint?

A

Costotransverse joint

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10
Q

The thoracic outlet (inferior thoracic aperture) is bounded by

A

T12 (posteriorly)
The 11th and 12th pairs of ribs (laterally)
Costal cartilages of ribs 7-10
Xiphisternal joint (anteriorly)

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11
Q

The thoracic outlet is separated from the abdominal (peritoneal) cavity by the

A

thoraco-abdominal diaphragm

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12
Q

The internal thoracic artery gives off what arteries to the anterior chest wall?

A

Anterior intercostal arteries

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13
Q

The descending aorta gives off posterior intercostal arteries to

A

the posterior and lateral chest wall

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14
Q

What happens to the arteries in each intercostal space?

A

The anterior and posterior intercostal arteries anastomose (join up)

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15
Q

The anterior intercostal veins drain to

A

the internal thoracic veins

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16
Q

Internal thoracic veins drain to

A

the brachiocephalic vein

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17
Q

The posterior right intercostal veins drain to

A

the azygous vein

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18
Q

The posterior left intercostal veins drain to

A

the hemiazygous veins

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19
Q

The azygous vein drains to

A

the superior vena cava

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20
Q

The left side of the chest wall drains to

A

the thoracic duct

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21
Q

The right side of the chest wall drains to

A

the right lymphatic ducts

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22
Q

The thoracic duct and the right lymphatic ducts drain to

A

the left and right brachiocephalic veins (respectively)

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23
Q

What are the peripheral diaphragm attachments?

A

Left vertebrae and arcuate ligaments
Costal cartilages of ribs 7-12
Xiphoid process of sternum

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24
Q

What is the central diaphragm attachment?

A

The central tendon

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25
Q

The tendinous structures of the diaphragm that arise from the vertebrae are known as

A

the crura (left and right)

26
Q

What crus arises from L1-L3 and their intervertebral discs

A

Right crus

27
Q

Some fibres from right crus surround the oesophageal opening acting as a physiological sphincter to prevent

A

reflux of gastric contents into the oesophagus

28
Q

Left crus arises from

A

L1 and L2 and their intervertebral discs

29
Q

The phrenic nerve originates from the roots of

A

the anterior rami of C3-C5

30
Q

Does the phrenic nerve carry motor or sensory information?

A

Both

31
Q

The motor fibres of the phrenic nerve pierce and innervate the diaphragm from what surface?

A

Inferior

32
Q

What structures are innervated by the sensory fibres of the phrenic nerve?

A

Central part of diaphragm
Pericardium and mediastinal parts of parietal pleura

Also some peripheral portions (innervated by sensory fibres of lower intercostal nerves, T5-T12)

33
Q

At what vertebral level is the caval opening?

A

T8

34
Q

What opening is at vertebral level T12?

A

Aortic Hiatus

35
Q

At what vertebral level is the oesophageal hiatus?

A

T10

36
Q

Through which opening does the vena cava pass?

A

T8 - caval opening

37
Q

What structures pass through the opening at T12?

A

Aorta
Azygous vein
Hemiazygous vein
Thoracic duct

38
Q

The branching structure of the airways supplying air to the lungs is known as the

A

respiratory/tracheobronchial tree

39
Q

The respiratory portion of the respiratory tract contains

A

the respiratory bronchioles
alveolar duct
alveolar sac
alveolus

40
Q

The respiratory tract contains two portions, the respiratory portion and the

A

conducting portion

41
Q

What structure is found in the anterior neck at vertebral level C3-C6?

A

The Larynx

42
Q

The larynx extends from the tip of the epiglottis to

A

the inferior border of cricoid cartilage

43
Q

What 3 parts can the interior of the larynx be divided into?

A

Supraglottis (vestibules)
Glottis
Subglottis (infraglottic cavity)

44
Q

The superior laryngeal nerve and the recurrent laryngeal nerve are branches of what nerve?

A

Vagus nerve

45
Q

The superior laryngeal nerve branches off into

A

the internal and external laryngeal nerves

46
Q

What signals are sent by the internal laryngeal nerve?

A

Sensory, to mucosa above the vocal cords

47
Q

Sensory signals to the mucosa below the vocal cords and motor signals to all the intrinsic muscles (except cricothyroid) are sent by what nerve?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

48
Q

Hoarseness is produced by injury to one of what nerves?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerves

49
Q

What lobes are in the right and left lungs respectively?

A

Right - superior, middle and inferior

Left - superior and inferior

50
Q

What structure is present in the left lung but absent in the right lung?

A

Lingula

51
Q

What lung surfaces are there?

A

Costal
Mediastinal
Diaphragmatic

52
Q

What is the hilum?

A

Where the structures forming the lung root enter or leave the lung

53
Q

The place at which the parietal pleura changes its direction of travel is known as the

A

Pleural Reflection

54
Q

The increased space between the layers of the parietal pleura occurring at the pleural reflections is known as

A

Pleural Recess

55
Q

What pleura contains somatic nerves and is pain sensitive?

A

Parietal pleura

56
Q

What pleura contains autonomic nerves and is pain insensitive?

A

Visceral

57
Q

At the inferior margin of the lung, the midclavicular, midaxillary and midscapular lines are found at what ribs, respectively?

A

Rib 6
Rib 8
Rib 10

58
Q

At the inferior margin of the parietal pleura, the midclavicular, midaxillary and midscapular lines are found at what ribs, respectively?

A

Rib 8
Rib 10
Rib 12

59
Q

What lung structure follows the line of the 4th rib anteriorly?

A

The horizontal fissure of the right lung

60
Q

The oblique fissure of both lungs begins at the spinous process of T3 vertebra (spine of scapula) and follows the line of what rib?

A

6th rib, anteriorly

Respiratory System (17 decks)

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