respiratory- alveolar ducts to the end

Question 1

what is the general function of the alveolar ducts and alveolar sacs and alveoli?

Answer 1

gas exchange

Question 2

alveolar type 1=

Answer 2

type 1 pneumocyte

Question 3

how much of the alveolar surface is type 1?

Answer 3

95%

Question 4

what is the general function of alveolar type 1?

Answer 4

gas exchange

Question 5

what type of cells are alveolar type 1?

Answer 5

squamous cell types with zona occludens btw cells

Question 6

what cell type is alveolar type II/type II pneumocyte?

Answer 6

cuboidal

Question 7

what are the functions of the alveolar type II/ pneumocyte?

Answer 7

1 stem cell for alveolar type I and II
2 produce pulmonary surfactant
3 produce lysozymes

Question 8

what is another name for an alveolar macrophage?

Answer 8

dust cells

Question 9

alveolar macrophage/ dust cells develop from?

Answer 9

monocytes

Question 10

what cells clean septal walls using phagocytosis and also produce lysozymes?

Answer 10

alveolar macrophage/ dust cells

Question 11

what is the region between 2 alveoli?

Answer 11

interalveolar septum

Question 12

the interalveolar septum contains?

Answer 12

alveolar type I and II cells
continous capillaries
fibroblasts
basal lamina 
small amounts of CT with many elastic fibers

Question 13

what is the region where oxygen and CO2 pass between the air and blood?

Answer 13

blood-gas barrier

Question 14

what are the 4 parts of the blood-gas barrier beginning with alveoli?

Answer 14

pulmonary surfactant
alveolar type I
fused basal lamina
endothelial cells of the capillary

Question 15

what allows for the most efficient gas exchange?

Answer 15

blood-gas barrier

Question 16

which ganglia provide fibers which will relax bronchial smooth muscle and result in bronchiodilation?

Answer 16

thoracic sympathetic chain ganglia

Question 17

which fibers will cause paradoxical response of constricting pulmonary blood vessels by stimulating the smooth muscle in the tunica media?

Answer 17

sympathetic fibers

Question 18

what nerve provides parasympathetic fibers which will contract bronchial smooth muscle resulting in bronchoconstriction?

Answer 18

vagus nerve

Question 19

when there is a chronic exposure to irritants and metaplasia in the upper respiratory tract what cells and glands increase and decrease?

Answer 19

• goblet cell numbers increase causing increased mucus
• ciliated columnar cell numbers will decrease so congestion increase
• seromucus glands increase so more fluid

Question 20

with much coughing patches of what develop instead of respiratory epithelium?

Answer 20

stratified squamous

Question 21

which cell type is not present in adequate numbers of infants with RDS?

Answer 21

type II

Question 22

what is another name for respiratory distress of the newborn?

Answer 22

hyaline membrane disease

Question 23

what is the cause of RDS?

Answer 23

too few mature alveolar type II cells

Question 24

what are 2 treatments for RDS?

Answer 24

artificial surfactant and CPAP

glucocorticoids given before birth

Question 25

what is emphysema?

Answer 25

decrease in elastin so a decrease in alveolar elasticity

reduced surface area for gas exchange

Question 26

is emphysema reversible?

Answer 26

no

Question 27

what are the 2 causes of respiratory damage or disease?

Answer 27

inflammation

genetic condition

Question 28

what is the protein that protects elastic fibers?

Answer 28

alpha 1 antitrypsin

Question 29

secretion of elastase does what to elastic fibers?

Answer 29

damages