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organ histology final > glands of digestion > Flashcards

glands of digestion Flashcards

1
Q

what is the primary bile of the liver?

A

hepatic bile

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2
Q

what is the concentrated bile from the gallbladder?

A

cystic bile

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3
Q

bile release is controlled by?

A

CCK and the vagus nerve

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4
Q

what is the surface epithelium of the gall bladder?

A

simple columnar

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5
Q

what are the 2 cell types of the gall bladder?

A

clear cells

brush cells

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6
Q

what is another name for clear cells?

A

cholangiocytes

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7
Q

what is the fx of clear cells/cholangiocytes?

A

have many microvilli; concentrate bile by absorbing water

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8
Q

what do brush cells do?

A

produce mucinogen; lubricating function

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9
Q

what is the lamina propria of the gall bladder made of?

A

loose and very vascular CT

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10
Q

what is the function of the LP of the gall bladder?

A

lubricate narrow neck lumen

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11
Q

what does the neck of the GB often possess?

A

small mucous glands

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12
Q

what major luminal wall layer is absent in the GB?

A

submucosa

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13
Q

does the ME of the GB have a normal pattern?

A

no- thin smooth muscle layer with disorganized muscle arrangement

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14
Q

is the covering of the GB serosa or adventitia?

A

mostly serosa but some adventitia where it attaches to liver

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15
Q

what is the pancreas surrounded by?

A

thin CT capsule

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16
Q

what does the septa of the pancreas diving into the organ create?

A

lobules

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17
Q

which type of bile works best with the small intestine?

A

cystic bile

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18
Q

which major secretory portion of the pancreas is the largest?

A

exocrine- enzyme producing

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19
Q

which pancreatic cells help to buffer chyme?

A

centroacinar and cuboid cells in pancreatic intercalated ducts

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20
Q

are the islet of langerhans producing hormones endocrine or exocrine?

A

endocrine pancreas- pancreatic islets

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21
Q

is the serous acini producing digestive enzymes endocrine or exocrine pancreas?

A

exocrine pancreas

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22
Q

what is the largest portion of the pancreas?

A

exocrine portion

23
Q

the serous(pancreatic) acini secretion is controlled by?

A

CCK and acetylcholine from parasympathetic nerves

24
Q

pancreatic duct secretion is controlled by?

A

secretin and acetylcholine from PARAsympathetic nerves

25
Q

where are the centroacinar cells located?

A

next to acinar cells

26
Q

what wraps around pancreatic ducts?

A

collagen rich CT

27
Q

what is the fx of the collagen rich CT wrapped around the pancreatic ducts?

A

provide extra protection from possible leakage of digestive enzymes

28
Q

what is the largest gland in the body with endocrine and exocrine functions?

A

liver

29
Q

what are the 5 general functions of the liver?

A
  1. metabolism of lipids, carbs and proteins
  2. production of blood proteins, factors and non-essential vitamins
  3. detoxify blood
  4. produce hepatic bile
  5. store certain vitamins
30
Q

is producing hepatic bile an exocrine or endocrine function?

A

exocrine

31
Q

what shape are the classic liver lobules?

A

hexagonal

32
Q

what are the microvilliated cuboidal cells possessing lateral bile canaliculi?

A

hepatocytes

33
Q

how does the bile flow through the liver lobule?

A

from hepatocytes toward bile duct bronchi in the portal triad

34
Q

what do the bile canaliculi do?

A

collect bile

35
Q

what is the arrangement of hepatocytes?

A

in rows btw hepatic sinusoids like spokes of a wheel

36
Q

what is another name for Kupffer cells?

A

stellate macrophages

37
Q

what cells are responsible for phagocytosis of debris and aged RBCs and act as an APC (antigen presenting cell)?

A

kupffer cells

38
Q

what is another name for ito cells?

A

hepatic stellate cells

39
Q

which cells store lipids for immediate use and store vitamin A as well as produce collagen and growth factors?

A

Ito cells/ hepatic stellate cells

40
Q

which cells are the natural killer cells of the liver?

A

pit cells

41
Q

which liver cells are responsible for regenerative capabilities?

A

hepatic progenitor cells

42
Q

what are the 5 cells of interest of the liver?

A 
hepatocytes
kupffer cells 
ito cells 
pit cells 
hepatic progenitor cells
43
Q

what does the portal triad include branches of?

A

hepatic artery- smallest
portal vein- largest
bile duct- dark stain

44
Q

what dilated, fenestrated thin walled vessels found between rows of hepatocytes?

A

hepatic sinusoids

45
Q

what percentage of venous and arterial blood do hepatic sinusoids carry?

A

venous- 75%

arterial- 25%

46
Q

what is the fenestrated thin walled vessel that collects blood from hepatic sinusoids?

A

central vein

47
Q

blood flows from ______ toward the ________

A

portal triad; central vein

48
Q

what is another name for space of disse?

A

perisinusoidal space

49
Q

what is the space between the hepatocytes and fenestrated hepatic sinusoids where blood can directly contact the microvilliated surfaces of the hepatocytes?

A

space of disse/ perisinusoidal space

50
Q

why can the liver take over for the spleen for up to 24-48 hours?

A

the perisinusoidal space slows flow enough so cells can interact with blood and its contents

51
Q

what is glissons capsule made of and covered by?

A

made of dense irregular CT and covered with serosa

52
Q

which cells produce an alkaline fluid with bicarbonate ions that is released into the duodenum to buffer chyme?

A

centroacinar cells along with cuboid cells in intercalated pancreatic ducts

53
Q

which GB cells concentrate bile?

A

clear cells/ cholangiocytes

54
Q

which DNES product will stimulate the ME of GB to contract?

A

CCK

organ histology final (9 decks)

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