glands of digestion

Question 1

what is the primary bile of the liver?

Answer 1

hepatic bile

Question 2

what is the concentrated bile from the gallbladder?

Answer 2

cystic bile

Question 3

bile release is controlled by?

Answer 3

CCK and the vagus nerve

Question 4

what is the surface epithelium of the gall bladder?

Answer 4

simple columnar

Question 5

what are the 2 cell types of the gall bladder?

Answer 5

clear cells

brush cells

Question 6

what is another name for clear cells?

Answer 6

cholangiocytes

Question 7

what is the fx of clear cells/cholangiocytes?

Answer 7

have many microvilli; concentrate bile by absorbing water

Question 8

what do brush cells do?

Answer 8

produce mucinogen; lubricating function

Question 9

what is the lamina propria of the gall bladder made of?

Answer 9

loose and very vascular CT

Question 10

what is the function of the LP of the gall bladder?

Answer 10

lubricate narrow neck lumen

Question 11

what does the neck of the GB often possess?

Answer 11

small mucous glands

Question 12

what major luminal wall layer is absent in the GB?

Answer 12

submucosa

Question 13

does the ME of the GB have a normal pattern?

Answer 13

no- thin smooth muscle layer with disorganized muscle arrangement

Question 14

is the covering of the GB serosa or adventitia?

Answer 14

mostly serosa but some adventitia where it attaches to liver

Question 15

what is the pancreas surrounded by?

Answer 15

thin CT capsule

Question 16

what does the septa of the pancreas diving into the organ create?

Answer 16

lobules

Question 17

which type of bile works best with the small intestine?

Answer 17

cystic bile

Question 18

which major secretory portion of the pancreas is the largest?

Answer 18

exocrine- enzyme producing

Question 19

which pancreatic cells help to buffer chyme?

Answer 19

centroacinar and cuboid cells in pancreatic intercalated ducts

Question 20

are the islet of langerhans producing hormones endocrine or exocrine?

Answer 20

endocrine pancreas- pancreatic islets

Question 21

is the serous acini producing digestive enzymes endocrine or exocrine pancreas?

Answer 21

exocrine pancreas

Question 22

what is the largest portion of the pancreas?

Answer 22

exocrine portion

Question 23

the serous(pancreatic) acini secretion is controlled by?

Answer 23

CCK and acetylcholine from parasympathetic nerves

Question 24

pancreatic duct secretion is controlled by?

Answer 24

secretin and acetylcholine from PARAsympathetic nerves

Question 25

where are the centroacinar cells located?

Answer 25

next to acinar cells

Question 26

what wraps around pancreatic ducts?

Answer 26

collagen rich CT

Question 27

what is the fx of the collagen rich CT wrapped around the pancreatic ducts?

Answer 27

provide extra protection from possible leakage of digestive enzymes

Question 28

what is the largest gland in the body with endocrine and exocrine functions?

Answer 28

liver

Question 29

what are the 5 general functions of the liver?

Answer 29

1. metabolism of lipids, carbs and proteins 2. production of blood proteins, factors and non-essential vitamins 3. detoxify blood 4. produce hepatic bile 5. store certain vitamins

Question 30

is producing hepatic bile an exocrine or endocrine function?

Answer 30

exocrine

Question 31

what shape are the classic liver lobules?

Answer 31

hexagonal

Question 32

what are the microvilliated cuboidal cells possessing lateral bile canaliculi?

Answer 32

hepatocytes

Question 33

how does the bile flow through the liver lobule?

Answer 33

from hepatocytes toward bile duct bronchi in the portal triad

Question 34

what do the bile canaliculi do?

Answer 34

collect bile

Question 35

what is the arrangement of hepatocytes?

Answer 35

in rows btw hepatic sinusoids like spokes of a wheel

Question 36

what is another name for Kupffer cells?

Answer 36

stellate macrophages

Question 37

what cells are responsible for phagocytosis of debris and aged RBCs and act as an APC (antigen presenting cell)?

Answer 37

kupffer cells

Question 38

what is another name for ito cells?

Answer 38

hepatic stellate cells

Question 39

which cells store lipids for immediate use and store vitamin A as well as produce collagen and growth factors?

Answer 39

Ito cells/ hepatic stellate cells

Question 40

which cells are the natural killer cells of the liver?

Answer 40

pit cells

Question 41

which liver cells are responsible for regenerative capabilities?

Answer 41

hepatic progenitor cells

Question 42

what are the 5 cells of interest of the liver?

Answer 42

``` hepatocytes kupffer cells ito cells pit cells hepatic progenitor cells ```

Question 43

what does the portal triad include branches of?

Answer 43

hepatic artery- smallest portal vein- largest bile duct- dark stain

Question 44

what dilated, fenestrated thin walled vessels found between rows of hepatocytes?

Answer 44

hepatic sinusoids

Question 45

what percentage of venous and arterial blood do hepatic sinusoids carry?

Answer 45

venous- 75% | arterial- 25%

Question 46

what is the fenestrated thin walled vessel that collects blood from hepatic sinusoids?

Answer 46

central vein

Question 47

blood flows from ______ toward the ________

Answer 47

portal triad; central vein

Question 48

what is another name for space of disse?

Answer 48

perisinusoidal space

Question 49

what is the space between the hepatocytes and fenestrated hepatic sinusoids where blood can directly contact the microvilliated surfaces of the hepatocytes?

Answer 49

space of disse/ perisinusoidal space

Question 50

why can the liver take over for the spleen for up to 24-48 hours?

Answer 50

the perisinusoidal space slows flow enough so cells can interact with blood and its contents

Question 51

what is glissons capsule made of and covered by?

Answer 51

made of dense irregular CT and covered with serosa

Question 52

which cells produce an alkaline fluid with bicarbonate ions that is released into the duodenum to buffer chyme?

Answer 52

centroacinar cells along with cuboid cells in intercalated pancreatic ducts

Question 53

which GB cells concentrate bile?

Answer 53

clear cells/ cholangiocytes

Question 54

which DNES product will stimulate the ME of GB to contract?

Answer 54

CCK