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organ histology final > digestive system small intestine > Flashcards

digestive system small intestine Flashcards

1
Q

how does the Si produce intestinal hormones?

A

using DNES cells

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2
Q

what 3 surface adaptations increase surface area of Si?

A

plicae circulares
villi
microvilli

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3
Q

what is another name for plicae circulares?

A

valves of Kerckring

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4
Q

what are the permanent folds affecting the mucosa and submucosa found throughout the duodenum, jejunum and proximal ileum?

A

plicae circulares

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5
Q

where are the microvilli of the small intestine located?

A

on the luminal cell surface

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6
Q

what is the surface epithelium of the small intestine (Si)

A

simple columnar

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7
Q

what are the 6 cell types of the Si?

A 
surface absorptive cells- enterocytes 
goblet cells
DNES cells
regenerative cells
paneth cells 
M (microfold) cells
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8
Q

which cell type absorbs water and nutrients and has terminal digestion in the glycocalyx?

A

surface absorptive/ enterocytes

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9
Q

where are goblet cells of Si concentrated?

A

fewest in duodenum and most in ileum

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10
Q

how many types of DNES cells do we have in the Si?

A

11 types

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11
Q

which type of DNES cell stimulates CCK?

A

type I

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12
Q

what hormone stimulates gallbladder contraction and pancreatic secretion of enzymes from serous acini?

A

CCK

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13
Q

which type of DNES cell produces GIP and inhibits HCL release?

A

type K

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14
Q

which DNES type produces secretin?

A

type S

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15
Q

what hormone stimulates pancreatic secretion of bicarbonate from the pancreatic ducts and also inhibits HCL release and movement of chyme into Si?

A

secretin

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16
Q

where are regenerative cells found and how long do they live?

A

found in crypts and live 5-7 days

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17
Q

how long do paneth cells live?

A

20 days

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18
Q

where are paneth cells located?

A

base of the crypts (intestinal glands)

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19
Q

what is the fx of the paneth cells?

A

produce lysozyme

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20
Q

what cells are located at the ileum epithelium over Peyer’s patches?

A

M (microfold) cells

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21
Q

what cells contain large intracellular pockets that are fairly open to the lamina propria?

A

M (microfold) cells

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22
Q

what is the function of the M cells?

A

promote humoral immunity

  • causes plasma cells to produce IgA which is then transferred to epithelial cells and released into gut lumen
  • important for maintaining gut flora
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23
Q

what is the lamina propria of the Si made of?

A

loose areolar CT

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24
Q

if the longitudinal muscle of villus core is irritated then the muscle contracts and the villi shorten. What can this lead to long term?

A

nutrient deficiencies

25
Q

what does the LP of Si border?

A

intestinal glands

26
Q

what are lacteals?

A

lymphocyte capillaries

27
Q

what is the fx of lacteals?

A

most lipid absorption

28
Q

what structures are found in villus core of LP?

A

lacteals
vascular components- smaller vessels
longitudinal muscle

29
Q

what are the 3 important characteristics of the lamina propria of the Si?

A

found in villus core
borders intestinal glands
has muscularis mucosae

30
Q

what is another name for intestinal glands?

A

crypts of lieberkuhn

31
Q

what is the muscularis mucosae of the LP of Si like?

A

thin but present; connects to smooth muscle in villi

32
Q

what cell type replaces other cells?

A

regenerative cells

33
Q

which cells are surface absorptive cells?

A

enterocytes

34
Q

which cells promote humoral immunity?

A

M cells

35
Q

which cells produce lysozymes?

A

paneth cells

36
Q

does secretin of CCK inhibit stomach activity?

A

secretin

37
Q

what stimulates the gall bladder?

A

CCK

38
Q

what stimulates the pancreas to release digestive enzymes?

A

CCK

39
Q

what stimulates ducts in pancreas to release bicarbonate?

A

secretin

40
Q

what are lacteals?

A

lymphatic capillaries

41
Q

where are paneth cells found and what do they do?

A

base of crypts, produce lysozyme

42
Q

where are Brunner’s glands found? what do they do?

A

found in submucosa of duodenum; secrete alkaline mucus to neutralize chyme

43
Q

what is the submucosa of the Si made of?

A

very dense CT with larger blood vessels

44
Q

what are the duodenal (brunner) glands?

A

seromucous glands

45
Q

what 2 products do Brunner glands produce?

A

alkaline mucus

urogastrone

46
Q

what does urogastrone do?

A

inhibit HCL secretion and increase mitosis of epi. cells

47
Q

what are the 3 structures of the submucosa of the Si?

A

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

48
Q

where are the Peyer’s patches located?

A

ileum

49
Q

what are Peyer’s patches?

A

group of regularly occurring large lymph nodules

50
Q

the submucosal (meissner’s) plexus of ileum has what type of innervation?

A

parasympathetic

51
Q

what is the fx of the submucosal/meissners plexus?

A

influence mucosa

52
Q

what is the pattern of the muscularis externa of the Si?

A

normal- inner circular, outer longitudinal

53
Q

what structure stimulates the muscularis externa for peristalsis?

A

myenteric (auerbach) plexus of Si

54
Q

what part of Si is serosa?

A

all of jejunum and ileum, 1st and last 1-2 cm of duodenum

55
Q

what part of Si is adventitia?

A

vertical/descending portion of duodenum

56
Q

what is the only digestive organ with both serosa and adventitia?

A

small intestine

57
Q

where is the ileocecal valve found?

A

btw ileum and cecum of colon

58
Q

what is the structure of the right side that extends from the cecum?

A

veniform appendix

59
Q

what is the surface epithelium of the appendix?

A

simple columnar

organ histology final (9 decks)

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