Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 3 > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

What is a common respiratory cause of Horner’s syndrome?

A

Lung carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is ‘Pigeon chest’?

A

Congenital deformity of the anterior chest wall. Known as Pectus Carinatum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What can cause an apex beat?

A

RVH, Pleural effusion, tension pneumothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When will chest expansion be asymmetrical?

A

Pneumothorax, pneumonia, pleural effusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When will chest expansion be reduced?

A

Pulmonary fibrosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the opposite of dull?

A

Hyperresonant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What could a hyperresonant sound signify?

A

Air within the pleural spaces e.g. pneumothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When would you hear a dull sound (hyporesonance)?

A

Tumours, pleural effusion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do we call a normal breath sound?

A

A vesicular sound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When can we see wheeze?

A

COPD,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where are fine crackles heard compared with coarse crackles?

A

Coarse crackles = bass

Fine crackles =

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

In which patients may you see mesothelioma?

A

Asbestos exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which respiratory conditions may you be looking for in inspection?

A

Kyphosis/ scoliosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the order of lung examination?

A

Lymph nodes, Inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Give causes of enlarged lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy)

A

Infection (Pneumonia, TB). Malignancy (Lung cancer).

Sarcoidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which respiratory medication could tremor in the hand be caused by?

A

Salbutamol - beta 2 agonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Name two respiratory issues that would cause us to want to inspect the mouth.

A

Central cyanosis

Oral candidiasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Give a feature of Horner’s which could get an extra mark

A

Sunken eye - enopthalmos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Give x3 differences between carotid and JVP.

A

JVP is non palpable and biphasic.

JVP is readily occludable.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What might cause pleural thickening?

A

Asbestos.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the difference in tracheal shift in pneumothorax Vs. lobar collapse

A

Pneumothorax = opposite side

Lobar collapse = towards affected side.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What do you have to remember to ask the patient when auscultating their chest?

A

Breathe GENTLY in and out through MOUTH.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Are fine crackles usually heard on inspiration or expiration?

A

Inspiration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the two types of normal respiratory sounds?

A

Bronchial and vesicular.
Bronchical heard on expiration.
Vesicular heard on inspiration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the one condition where vocal fremitus is increased?

A

Consolidation (pneumonia)

- reduced in the rest; blocked.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is a main sign to see when inspecting the posterior chest?

A

Sacral oedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What do fine crackles indicate?

A

Fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What do coarse crackles indicate?

A

Pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Someone with HIV is predisposed to which other disease?

A

TB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Which test do we do for TB?

A

The acid-fast bacillus (AFB) test.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What might be a specific condition in a room for TB patients?

A

Negative pressure = prevents spread of airborne microbes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What does an apical opacity on the X-ray indicate?

A

Mycetoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Which microorganism causes mycetoma?

A

Aspergilloma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is a mycetoma?

A

A fungus ball in the lung cavity caused by a pleural mass.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What does mesothelioma cause that may be seen on the X-ray?

A

Pleural mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Asthma is which type sensitivity reaction?

A

Type I.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Aspergillosis is which type hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Type I, III and IV.

38
Q

Give three respiratory dysfunctions aspergillosis causes

A

Recurrent asthma
Bronchial damage
Bronchiectasis

39
Q

Which markers will be higher in aspergillosis?

A

IgE, serum precipitins.

40
Q

The S1Q3T3 pattern on the ECG is associated with which respiratory condition?

A

Pulmonary embolism

41
Q

Which is a key diagnostic test to investigate whether someone has a pulmonary embolism?

A

CTPA.

42
Q

The CURB-65 score is used for which pathology?

A

Pneumonia

43
Q

Which is more serious - low urea or high CRP?

A

Low urea

44
Q

Erythema nodosum is associated with which diseases?

A

Sarcoidosis, streptococcal, Crohn’s disease

45
Q

Which X-ray sign is associated with Sarcoidosis, lymphoma and TB?

A

Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy

46
Q

Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy is associated with which 3 conditions?

A

Sarcoidosis
Lymphoma
TB

47
Q

Which non-specific markers are raised in Sarcoidosis?

A

ACE Inhibitors, calcium

48
Q

What is sarcoidosis?

A

A multi-system disorder where there is an accumulation of T cells.

49
Q

Which type of erythema is seen in a typical rash?

A

Erythema Chronicum migrans - seen in Lyme disease for example.

50
Q

What affect do emphysema and asthma have on lung size?

A

Hyperinflation of lungs

rather than reduced lung volume

51
Q

Which question must we ask when suspecting mesothelioma and why?

A

Occupation; mesothelioma can be caused by inhaled asbestos.

52
Q

Which X-ray changes do we see in TB?

A

Miliary nodular lung densities

Patchy consolidation

53
Q

What is the difference in x-ray signs between tension and apical pneumothorax?

A

Tension pneumothorax = will see mediastinal shift, whereas will not see this in apical pneumothorax.

54
Q

Is the mediastinal shift seen going toward or away from the pneumothorax?

A

Mediastinal shift will be AWAY from the pneumothorax.

55
Q

What is a main medication used to treat sarcoidosis?

A

Steroids.

56
Q

Pancoast tumours involve which nerves?

A

The brachial plexus (think pancoast tumours are seen at the apices of the lung)

57
Q

Which medications do we use to treat more serious pneumonia?

A

Co-amoxiclav and Clarithromycin

58
Q

What is the value of Urea for it to be considered ‘high risk’?

A

> 10mmol/L.

59
Q

How do we treat CAP?

A

Amoxicillin.

60
Q

Which diagnostic tool do we use to investigate PEs?

A

CTPA - Computed tomography pulmonary angiogram

61
Q

What is pleurisy/ pleuritic chest pain?

A

Intense sudden stabbing chest pain during inhaling and exhaling. Can be felt in the shoulder.

62
Q

Where is Erythema nodosum seen?

A

Sarcoidosis
Streptococcal infection
TB
UC/Crohn’s

63
Q

Pneumocystitis (PCP) is associated with which other disease?

A

HIV.

64
Q

Compare x-ray changes in pneumonia Vs. pneumocystitis.

A 
Pneumonia = lobar consolidation.
PCP = more than one lobe affected.
65
Q

Rare case: signs of haemoptysis and blood in urine point toward which diagnosis?

A

Good pasture syndrome.

66
Q

What is Good Pasture syndrome?

A

Autoimmune disease affecting the kidney and lungs.

67
Q

What test do we use to investigate multiple myeloma?

A

Serum protein electrophoresis

68
Q

Cold agglutins are associated with which respiratory condition?

A

Pneumonia

69
Q

What is the first mode of treatment in a pulmonary embolism?

A

Low molecular weight heparin (e.g. dalteparin)

70
Q

Which class does Dalteparin fall under?

A

LMWH.

71
Q

What is the good thing about D dimer?

A

Sensitive = if it is negative, can rule out PE.

72
Q

How do we treat pulmonary oedema?

A

Furosemide

73
Q

What is the first step in anaphylaxis?

A

Stop antibiotics/ any drugs

74
Q

Give two differentials of respiratory conditions that occur within a matter of seconds/ minutes as onset.

A

Pneumothorax

Pulmonary embolism.

75
Q

How do we treat a pneumothorax?

A

For more than 2cm, Firstly aspiration

THEN if not successful, chest drain.

76
Q

A patient keeps pigeons and shows consolidation on his X-ray. What is the likely diagnosis?

A

Extrinsic allergic alveolitis.

77
Q

Name the different types of shadowing on the chest x ray.

A

Interstitial/ alveolar shadowing
Reticulo-nodular shadowing
Homogeneous shadowing

78
Q

How does pulmonary oedema look different to fibrosing alveolitis?

A

Pulmonary oedema = more general shadowing. Fibrosing alveolitis = spiky, scratchy shadows

79
Q

If you see a large space of white fluid on the x-ray, what should we think?

A

Pleural effusion.

White = fluid.

80
Q

What will a pericardial effusion look like on the x ray?

A

Enlarged cardiac silhouette, white.

81
Q

Name one condition in which we will see bihilar lymphoadenopathy on CXR.

A

Sarcoidosis.

82
Q

How do we manage a pneumothorax?

A

Less than 2cm = aspiration

More than 2cm = chest drain

83
Q

What is a sign specific to a pleural effusion?

A

Meniscus on x ray.

84
Q

Protein <20/L is indicative of what on aspiration?

A

Transudate. Exudate will be>30/L.

85
Q

What are ‘Cannonball metastases’ indicative of?

A

Secondary Lung Cancer

86
Q

In which valvular condition could you see malar flush?

A

Mitral stenosis

87
Q

Which medications are stroke patients on for life?

A

Clopidogrel

88
Q

How will pneumonia present on auscultation?

A

Coarse crackles.

89
Q

How do we treat pneumonia?

A

Antibiotics: Metronidazole + amoxicillin

90
Q

How do we treat a tension pneumothorax?

A

Immediate = Needle aspiration (thoracocentesis)

More chronic = Chest drain

91
Q

Where do we needle aspirate?

A

2nd ICS, MCL.

Year 3 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions