Respiratory Flashcards
Vt
Tidal volume
amount of air that enters or leaves the ling in a single respiratory cycle
500mL
FRC
Functional residual capacity
amount of fas in the lungs at the end of passive expiration
2700mL
IC
Inspiratory capacity
maximal volume of gas that can be inspired from FRC
4000mL
IRV
Inspiratory reserve volume
additional amount of air that can be inhaled after a normla respiration
3,500mL
ERV
Expiratory reserve volume
additional volume that can be expired after a passive expiration
1,500 mL
RV
Residual volume
amount of air in the lung after a maximal expiration
1,200 mL
VC
vital capacity
maximal volume that can be expired after a maximal inspiration
5,500 mL
TLC
Total lung capacity
Amount of iar in the lung after a maximal inspiration
6,700 mL
Total ventilation formula
Ve=Vt*f
Dead space
space containing air but not exchanging O2 with CO2
Alveolar ventilation formula
Va = (Vt-Vd)f
major inspiration muscle
diaphragm
Compliance formula
C=V/P
Parasympathetic receptor in lungs
M3
stimulates bronchoconstriction
Catecholamines effect in lung
bronchodilation
basic pathologic alteratons in obstructive disease
- bronchoconstriction
- hypersecretion
- inflammation
- destruction of lung parenchyma
Apneustic breathing
prolonged inspirations alterating with a short period of expiration
Cheyne-Stokes breathing
periodic type of breathing which has cycles of gradual decrease in depth and frequency between periods of apnea
Abnormal breathing pattern caused when damage to the caudal pons?
Apneustic breathing
Abnormal breathing pattern caused when damage to the midbrain or congestive heart failure?
Cheyne-Stokes breathing
4 lung volumes
tidal volume
inspiration reserve volume
expiratory reserve volume
residual volume
4 lung capacities
inspiratory capacity
functional residual capacity
vital capacity
total lung capacity
forced expiration muscles
external oblique
rectus abdominal
internal oblique
transverse abdominal muscles
Obstructive lung disease examples
Asthma
Chronic bronchitis
Emphysema
Upper airway obstruction
Restrictive pulmonary disease examples
Pulmonary fibrosis Atelectasias Pulmonary edema Respiratory distress syndrome asbestosis sarcoidosis
Examples of increased Co2 production
Hyperthermia and exercise
Alveolar air equation
PAO2= (Patm - 47) FiO2 - (PACO2/RQ)
from which spinal nerve comes the innervation for the diaphragm
C3-C5
