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Pharmacology > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Diphenhydramine

A

First generation H1 blocker
Reversible inhibitor of H1 histamine receptor
Allergy, motion sickness, sleep aid
Sedation, antimuscarinic, anti-α-adrenergic

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2
Q

Dimenhydrinate

A

First generation H1 blocker
Reversible inhibitor of H1 histamine receptor
Allergy, motion sickness, sleep aid
Sedation, antimuscarinic, anti-α-adrenergic

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3
Q

Chlorpheniramine

A

First generation H1 blocker
Reversible inhibitor of H1 histamine receptor
Allergy, motion sickness, sleep aid
Sedation, antimuscarinic, anti-α-adrenergic

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4
Q

Loratadine

A

Second generation H1 blocker
Reversible inhibitor of H1 histamine receptor
Allergy
Far less sedating than first generation due to decreased entry into CNS

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5
Q

Fexofenadine

A

Second generation H1 blocker
Reversible inhibitor of H1 histamine receptor
Allergy
Far less sedating than first generation due to decreased entry into CNS

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6
Q

Desloratadine

A

Second generation H1 blocker
Reversible inhibitor of H1 histamine receptor
Allergy
Far less sedating than first generation due to decreased entry into CNS

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7
Q

Cetirizine

A

Second generation H1 blocker
Reversible inhibitor of H1 histamine receptor
Allergy
Far less sedating than first generation due to decreased entry into CNS

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8
Q

Guaifenesin

A

Expectorant

Thins respiratory secretions, does not suppress cough reflex

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9
Q

N-acetylcysteine

A

Mucolytic

Can loosen mucous plugs in CF patients. Also used as antidote for acetaminophen overdose

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10
Q

Dextromethorphan

A

Antitussive. Synthetic codeine analog
Antagonizes NMDA glutamate receptors
Mild opioid effect when used in excess. Give naloxone for overdose. Mild abuse potential

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11
Q

Pseudoephedrine

A

Sympathomimetic α-agonistic nonprescription nasal decongestant
Reduce hyperemia, edema, and nasal congestion. Open obstructed eustachian tubes. Also illicitly used to make methamphetamine
Hypertension, CNS stimulation/anxiety

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12
Q

Phenylephrine

A

Sympathomimetic α-agonistic nonprescription nasal decongestant
Reduce hyperemia, edema, and nasal congestion. Open obstructed eustachian tubes.

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13
Q

Albuterol

A

β2 agonist
Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle (β2)
Acute exacerbation of asthma

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14
Q

Salmeterol

A

β2 agonist
Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle
Long-acting agent for asthma prophylaxis
Tremor, arrhythmia

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15
Q

Formoterol

A

β2 agonist
Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle
Long-acting agent for asthma prophylaxis
Tremor, arrhythmia

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16
Q

Theophylline

A

Methylxanthine
Causes bronchodilation by inhibiting phosphodiesterase and increasing cAMP levels due to decreased cAMP hydrolysis.
Asthma
Limited by narrow therapeutic index. Cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity. Metabolized by cytochrome P-450. Blocks actions of adenosine

17
Q

Ipratropium

A

Muscarinic antagonist
Competitive block of muscarinic receptors, preventing bronchoconstriction
COPD (tiotropium, longer acting), asthma

18
Q

Beclomethasone

A

Corticosteroid
Inhibits synthesis of virtually all cytokines. Inactivates NK-κb, the transcription factor that induces the production of TNF-α and other inflammatory agents.
First line therapy for chronic asthma.

19
Q

Fluticasone

A

Corticosteroid
Inhibits synthesis of virtually all cytokines. Inactivates NK-κb, the transcription factor that induces the production of TNF-α and other inflammatory agents.
First line therapy for chronic asthma.

20
Q

Montelukast

A

Antileukotriene
Blocks leukotriene receptors.
Especially good for aspirin-induced asthma.

21
Q

Zafirlukast

A

Antileukotriene
Blocks leukotriene receptors.
Especially good for aspirin-induced asthma.

22
Q

Zileuton

A

Antileukotriene
5-lipoxygenase pathway inhibitor. Blocks conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes.
Asthma

23
Q

Omalizumab

A

Monoclonal anti-IgE antibody.
Binds mostly unbound serum IgE and blocks binding to FcεRI.
Allergic asthma resistant to inhaled steroids and long-acting β2 agonists.

24
Q

Methacholine

A

Muscarinic receptor agonist

Used in bronchial provocation challenge to help diagnose asthma

25
Q

Bosentan

A

Competitively antagonizes endothelia-1 receptors, decreasing pulmonary vascular resistance
Pulmonary arterial hypertension

Pharmacology (19 decks)

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