Respiratory Flashcards
Diphenhydramine
First generation H1 blocker
Reversible inhibitor of H1 histamine receptor
Allergy, motion sickness, sleep aid
Sedation, antimuscarinic, anti-α-adrenergic
Dimenhydrinate
First generation H1 blocker
Reversible inhibitor of H1 histamine receptor
Allergy, motion sickness, sleep aid
Sedation, antimuscarinic, anti-α-adrenergic
Chlorpheniramine
First generation H1 blocker
Reversible inhibitor of H1 histamine receptor
Allergy, motion sickness, sleep aid
Sedation, antimuscarinic, anti-α-adrenergic
Loratadine
Second generation H1 blocker
Reversible inhibitor of H1 histamine receptor
Allergy
Far less sedating than first generation due to decreased entry into CNS
Fexofenadine
Second generation H1 blocker
Reversible inhibitor of H1 histamine receptor
Allergy
Far less sedating than first generation due to decreased entry into CNS
Desloratadine
Second generation H1 blocker
Reversible inhibitor of H1 histamine receptor
Allergy
Far less sedating than first generation due to decreased entry into CNS
Cetirizine
Second generation H1 blocker
Reversible inhibitor of H1 histamine receptor
Allergy
Far less sedating than first generation due to decreased entry into CNS
Guaifenesin
Expectorant
Thins respiratory secretions, does not suppress cough reflex
N-acetylcysteine
Mucolytic
Can loosen mucous plugs in CF patients. Also used as antidote for acetaminophen overdose
Dextromethorphan
Antitussive. Synthetic codeine analog
Antagonizes NMDA glutamate receptors
Mild opioid effect when used in excess. Give naloxone for overdose. Mild abuse potential
Pseudoephedrine
Sympathomimetic α-agonistic nonprescription nasal decongestant
Reduce hyperemia, edema, and nasal congestion. Open obstructed eustachian tubes. Also illicitly used to make methamphetamine
Hypertension, CNS stimulation/anxiety
Phenylephrine
Sympathomimetic α-agonistic nonprescription nasal decongestant
Reduce hyperemia, edema, and nasal congestion. Open obstructed eustachian tubes.
Albuterol
β2 agonist
Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle (β2)
Acute exacerbation of asthma
Salmeterol
β2 agonist
Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle
Long-acting agent for asthma prophylaxis
Tremor, arrhythmia
Formoterol
β2 agonist
Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle
Long-acting agent for asthma prophylaxis
Tremor, arrhythmia
Theophylline
Methylxanthine
Causes bronchodilation by inhibiting phosphodiesterase and increasing cAMP levels due to decreased cAMP hydrolysis.
Asthma
Limited by narrow therapeutic index. Cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity. Metabolized by cytochrome P-450. Blocks actions of adenosine
Ipratropium
Muscarinic antagonist
Competitive block of muscarinic receptors, preventing bronchoconstriction
COPD (tiotropium, longer acting), asthma
Beclomethasone
Corticosteroid
Inhibits synthesis of virtually all cytokines. Inactivates NK-κb, the transcription factor that induces the production of TNF-α and other inflammatory agents.
First line therapy for chronic asthma.
Fluticasone
Corticosteroid
Inhibits synthesis of virtually all cytokines. Inactivates NK-κb, the transcription factor that induces the production of TNF-α and other inflammatory agents.
First line therapy for chronic asthma.
Montelukast
Antileukotriene
Blocks leukotriene receptors.
Especially good for aspirin-induced asthma.
Zafirlukast
Antileukotriene
Blocks leukotriene receptors.
Especially good for aspirin-induced asthma.
Zileuton
Antileukotriene
5-lipoxygenase pathway inhibitor. Blocks conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes.
Asthma
Omalizumab
Monoclonal anti-IgE antibody.
Binds mostly unbound serum IgE and blocks binding to FcεRI.
Allergic asthma resistant to inhaled steroids and long-acting β2 agonists.
Methacholine
Muscarinic receptor agonist
Used in bronchial provocation challenge to help diagnose asthma
Bosentan
Competitively antagonizes endothelia-1 receptors, decreasing pulmonary vascular resistance
Pulmonary arterial hypertension
