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Pharmacology > Autonomic > Flashcards

Autonomic Flashcards

1
Q

Bethanecol

A

Cholinomimetic agent
Activates bowel and bladder smooth muscle; resistant to AchE.
Post-operative ileus, neurogenic ileus, urinary retention

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2
Q

Carbachol

A

Cholinomimetic agent. Acetylcholine analog

Glaucoma, pupillary constriction, relief of intraocular pressure

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3
Q

Pilocarpine

A

Cholinomimetic agent
Contracts ciliary muscle of eye (open-angle), pupillary sphincter (closed-angle), resistant to AchE.
Potent stimulator of sweat, tears, and saliva. Open-angle and closed-angle glaucoma.

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4
Q

Methacholine

A

Cholinomimetic agent
Stimulates muscarinic receptors in airway when inhaled.
Challenge test for diagnosis of asthma

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5
Q

Neostigmine

A

Anticholinesterase
Increases endogenous Ach. No CNS penetration.
Postoperative and neurogenic ileus and urinary retention, myasthenia gravis, post-operative reversal of neuromuscular junction blockade.

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6
Q

Pyridostigmine

A 
Anticholinesterase
Increases endogenous Ach, increases strength. Does not penetrate CNS.
Myasthenia gravis (long-acting)
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7
Q

Physostigmine

A

Anticholinesterase
Increases endogenous Ach, crosses BBB
Anticholinergic (atropine) toxicity

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8
Q

Donepezil

A

Anticholinesterase
Increases endogenous Ach
Alzheimer disease

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9
Q

Rivastigmine

A

Anticholinesterase
Increases endogenous Ach
Alzheimer disease

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10
Q

Galantamine

A

Anticholinesterase
Increases endogenous Ach
Alzheimer disease

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11
Q

Edrophonium

A

Anticholinesterase
Increases endogenous Ach
Extremely short acting. Historical use in diagnosis of myasthenia gravis.

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12
Q

Atropine

A

Muscarinic antagonist
Produces mydriasis, cycloplegia, decreases airway secretions, decreases stomach acid secretions, decreases gut motility, decreases urgency (cystitis)
Increases body temperature (decreased sweating), rapid pulse, dry mouth, dry, flushed skin, constipation, disorientation, acute angle-closure glaucoma (mydriasis), urinary retention in men with prostatic hyperplasia, hyperthermia in infants

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13
Q

Homatropine

A 
Muscarinic antagonist (eye)
Produces mydriasis, cycloplegia
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14
Q

Tropicamide

A 
Muscarinic antagonist (eye)
Produces mydriasis, cycloplegia
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15
Q

Benztropine

A 
Muscarinic antagonist (CNS)
Parkinson disease
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16
Q

Scopolamine

A 
Muscarinic antagonist (CNS)
Motion sickness
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17
Q

Ipratropium

A 
Muscarinic antagonist (lungs)
COPD, asthma
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18
Q

Tiotropium

A 
Muscarinic antagonist (lungs)
COPD, asthma
19
Q

Oxybutynin

A 
Muscarinic antagonist (GU)
Reduce urgency in mild cystitis, reduce bladder spasms.
20
Q

Darifenacin

A 
Muscarinic antagonist (GU)
Reduce urgency in mild cystitis, reduce bladder spasms.
21
Q

Solifenacin

A 
Muscarinic antagonist (GU)
Reduce urgency in mild cystitis, reduce bladder spasms.
22
Q

Glycopyrrolate

A

Muscarinic antagonist (GI, respiratory)
Parenteral: preoperative reduction of airway secretions
Oral: Drooling, peptic ulcers

23
Q

Epinephrine

A

Sympathomimetic
β>α, α predominates at high doses
Anaphylaxis, open angle glaucoma, asthma, hypotension

24
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Sympathomimetic
α1>α2>β1
Hypotension (decreases renal perfusion)

25
Q

Isoproterenol

A

Sympathomimetic
β1=β2
Electrophysiologic evaluation of tachyarrhythmias. Can worsen ischemia

26
Q

Dopamine

A

Sympathomimetic
D1=D2>β>α
Unstable bradycardia, heart failure, shock, inotropic and chronotropic α effects predominate at high doses

27
Q

Dobutamine

A

Sympathomimetic
β1>β2,α
Heart failure (inotropic>chronotropic), cardiac stress testing

28
Q

Phenylephrine

A

Sympathomimetic
α1>α2
Hypotension (vasoconstrictor), ocular procedures (mydriatic), rhinitis (decongestant)

29
Q

Albuterol

A

Sympathomimetic
β2>β1
Acute asthma

30
Q

Salmeterol

A

Sympathomimetic
β2>β1
Long-term asthma, COPD control

31
Q

Terbutaline

A

Sympathomimetic
β2>β1
Reduce premature uterine contractions

32
Q

Amphetamine

A

Indirect sympathomimetic
Indirect general agonist, reuptake inhibitor, releases stored catecholamines
Narcolepsy, obesity, attention deficit disorder

33
Q

Ephedrine

A

Indirect sympathomimetic
Indirect general agonist, releases stored catecholamines
Nasal decongestion, urinary incontinence, hypotension

34
Q

Cocaine

A

Indirect sympathomimetic
Indirect general agonist, reuptake inhibitor
Causes vasoconstriction, local anesthesia, never give β-blockers if cocaine intoxication is suspected (can lead to unopposed α1 activation, extreme hypertension)

35
Q

Clonidine

A

Sympatholytic (α2 agonist)
Hypertensive urgency. Does not decrease renal blood flow. ADHD, severe pain, off-label indications (ethanol and opioid withdrawal).
CNS depression, bradycardia, hypotension, respiratory depression, small pupil size

36
Q

α-methyldopa

A

Sympatholytic (α2 agonist)
Hypertension in pregnancy
Direct Coombs (+) hemolytic anemia, SLE-like syndrome

37
Q

Phenoxybenzamine

A

Irreversible non-selective α-blocker
Pheochromocytoma (used preoperatively to prevent catecholamine/hypertensive crisis)
Orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia, diminished vasoconstriction, GI upset, headache, ED

38
Q

Phentolamine

A

Reversible non-selective α-blocker

Given to patients on MAO inhibitors who eat tyramine-containing foods

39
Q

Prazosin

A

α1-selective α-blocker
Urinary symptoms of BPH, PTSD, hypertension
1st dose orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, headache

40
Q

Terazosin

A

α1-selective α-blocker
Urinary symptoms of BPH, hypertension
1st dose orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, headache

41
Q

Doxazosin

A

α1-selective α-blocker
Urinary symptoms of BPH, hypertension
1st dose orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, headache

42
Q

Tamsulosin

A

α1-selective α-blocker
Urinary symptoms of BPH
1st dose orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, headache

43
Q

Mirtazapine

A

α2-selective α-blocker
Depression
Sedation, increased serum cholesterol, increased appetite

44
Q

Metoprolol

A

β1>β2-selective antagonist

Pharmacology (19 decks)

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