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Pharmacology > Psychiatry > Flashcards

Psychiatry Flashcards

1
Q

Methylphenidate

A

CNS stimulant
Increase catecholamines (NE and DA) at synaptic cleft.
ADHD, narcolepsy, appetite control

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2
Q

Dextroamphetamine

A

CNS stimulant
Increase catecholamines (NE and DA) at synaptic cleft.
ADHD, narcolepsy, appetite control

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3
Q

Methamphetamine

A

CNS stimulant
Increase catecholamines (NE and DA) at synaptic cleft.
ADHD, narcolepsy, appetite control

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4
Q

Phentermine

A

CNS stimulant
Increase catecholamines (NE and DA) at synaptic cleft.
ADHD, narcolepsy, appetite control

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5
Q

Haloperidol

A 
Typical antipsychotic (neuroleptic)
Block dopamine D2 receptors (increase cAMP)
Schizophrenia (positive symptoms), psychosis, acute mania, Tourette syndrome
Stored in body fat, extrapyramidal side effects, hyperprolactinemia, dry mouth, constipation, hypotension, sedation. Risk of neuroleptic malignant syndrome and tardive dyskinesia.
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6
Q

Trifluoperazine

A 
Typical antipsychotic (neuroleptic)
Block dopamine D2 receptors (increase cAMP)
Schizophrenia (positive symptoms), psychosis, acute mania, Tourette syndrome
Stored in body fat, extrapyramidal side effects, hyperprolactinemia, dry mouth, constipation, hypotension, sedation. Risk of neuroleptic malignant syndrome and tardive dyskinesia.
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7
Q

Fluphenazine

A 
Typical antipsychotic (neuroleptic)
Block dopamine D2 receptors (increase cAMP)
Schizophrenia (positive symptoms), psychosis, acute mania, Tourette syndrome
Stored in body fat, extrapyramidal side effects, hyperprolactinemia, dry mouth, constipation, hypotension, sedation. Risk of neuroleptic malignant syndrome and tardive dyskinesia.
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8
Q

Thioridazine

A 
Typical antipsychotic (neuroleptic)
Block dopamine D2 receptors (increase cAMP)
Schizophrenia (positive symptoms), psychosis, acute mania, Tourette syndrome
Stored in body fat, extrapyramidal side effects, hyperprolactinemia, dry mouth, constipation, hypotension, sedation. Risk of neuroleptic malignant syndrome and tardive dyskinesia.
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9
Q

Chlorpromazine

A 
Typical antipsychotic (neuroleptic)
Block dopamine D2 receptors (increase cAMP)
Schizophrenia (positive symptoms), psychosis, acute mania, Tourette syndrome
Stored in body fat, extrapyramidal side effects, hyperprolactinemia, dry mouth, constipation, hypotension, sedation. Risk of neuroleptic malignant syndrome and tardive dyskinesia.
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10
Q

Olanzapine

A

Atypical antipsychotic
Varied effects on 5HT2, DA, α, and H1 receptors.
Schizophrenia (positive and negative symptoms), bipolar disorder, OCD, anxiety disorder, depression, mania, Tourette syndrome.
Fewer extrapyramidal and anticholinergic side effects than typical antipsychotics. Significant weight gain.

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11
Q

Risperidone

A

Atypical antipsychotic
Varied effects on 5HT2, DA, α, and H1 receptors.
Schizophrenia (positive and negative symptoms), bipolar disorder, OCD, anxiety disorder, depression, mania, Tourette syndrome.
Fewer extrapyramidal and anticholinergic side effects than typical antipsychotics. Hyperprolactinemia leading to lactation, gynecomastia, decreases in GnRH, LH, and FSH leading to irregular menstruation and fertility issues.

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12
Q

Clozapine

A

Atypical antipsychotic
Varied effects on 5HT2, DA, α, and H1 receptors.
Schizophrenia (positive and negative symptoms), bipolar disorder, OCD, anxiety disorder, depression, mania, Tourette syndrome.
Fewer extrapyramidal and anticholinergic side effects than typical antipsychotics. Significant weight gain, agranulocytosis (requires weekly WBC monitoring) and seizure.

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13
Q

Aripiprazole

A

Atypical antipsychotic
Varied effects on 5HT2, DA, α, and H1 receptors.
Schizophrenia (positive and negative symptoms), bipolar disorder, OCD, anxiety disorder, depression, mania, Tourette syndrome.
Fewer extrapyramidal and anticholinergic side effects than typical antipsychotics.

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14
Q

Quetiapine

A

Atypical antipsychotic
Varied effects on 5HT2, DA, α, and H1 receptors.
Schizophrenia (positive and negative symptoms), bipolar disorder, OCD, anxiety disorder, depression, mania, Tourette syndrome.
Fewer extrapyramidal and anticholinergic side effects than typical antipsychotics.

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15
Q

Ziprasidone

A

Atypical antipsychotic
Varied effects on 5HT2, DA, α, and H1 receptors.
Schizophrenia (positive and negative symptoms), bipolar disorder, OCD, anxiety disorder, depression, mania, Tourette syndrome.
Fewer extrapyramidal and anticholinergic side effects than typical antipsychotics. May prolong QT interval.

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16
Q

Lithium

A

Mood stabilizer
Mechanism not established. Possibly related to inhibition of phosphoinositol cascade/interaction with cation transport in CNS.
Bipolar disorder (blocks relapse and acute manic events), SIADH
Tremor, sedation, edema, heart block, hypothyroidism, weight gain, polyuria (ADH antagonist, causes DI), teratogenesis (Ebstein anomaly and malformation of great vessels). Narrow therapeutic window requires close monitoring. Almost exclusively excreted by kidneys.
Early toxicity shows memory impairment, nausea, vomiting, and dysarthria; progresses to ataxia, hyperreflexia, incoordination, blurred visions, and scotoma. Late toxicity shows myoclonus, seizures, and coma.

17
Q

Buspirone

A

Anxiolytic
Stimulations 5HT1A receptors.
Generalized anxiety disorder.
Does not cause sedation, addiction, or tolerance. Does not interact with alcohol (compared to barbiturates, benzodiazepines). Takes 1-2 weeks to take effect.

18
Q

Fluoxetine

A

SSRI
5HT-specific reuptake inhibitor.
Depression, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, OCD, bulimia, social phobias, PTSD.
Fewer side effects than TCAs. GI distress, sexual dysfunction (anorgasmia, decreased libido), serotonin syndrome (hyperthermia, confusion, myoclonus, CV collapse, flushing, diarrhea, seizures).

19
Q

Paroxetine

A

SSRI
5HT-specific reuptake inhibitor.
Depression, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, OCD, bulimia, social phobias, PTSD.
Fewer side effects than TCAs. GI distress, sexual dysfunction (anorgasmia, decreased libido), serotonin syndrome (hyperthermia, confusion, myoclonus, CV collapse, flushing, diarrhea, seizures).

20
Q

Sertraline

A

SSRI
5HT-specific reuptake inhibitor.
Depression, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, OCD, bulimia, social phobias, PTSD.
Fewer side effects than TCAs. GI distress, sexual dysfunction (anorgasmia, decreased libido), serotonin syndrome (hyperthermia, confusion, myoclonus, CV collapse, flushing, diarrhea, seizures).

21
Q

Citalopram

A

SSRI
5HT-specific reuptake inhibitor.
Depression, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, OCD, bulimia, social phobias, PTSD.
Fewer side effects than TCAs. GI distress, sexual dysfunction (anorgasmia, decreased libido), serotonin syndrome (hyperthermia, confusion, myoclonus, CV collapse, flushing, diarrhea, seizures).

22
Q

Venlafaxine

A

SNRI
Inhibits 5HT and NE uptake.
Depression, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder.
SSRI side effects plus hypertension, stimulant effects, sedation, nausea, dizziness, diaphoresis.

23
Q

Duloxetine

A

SNRI
Inhibits 5HT and NE uptake.
Depression, diabetic neuropathy.
SSRI side effects plus hypertension, stimulant effects, sedation, nausea, dizziness, diaphoresis.

24
Q

Amitriptyline

A

Tricyclic antidepressant
Blocks reuptake of NE and 5HT
Major depression, fibromyalgia.
Sedation, α-1 blocking effects (postural hypotension), anticholinergic/atropine-like side effects (tachycardia, urinary retention, dry mouth). More anticholinergic effects than nortriptyline. Convulsions, coma, cardiac arrhythmias, respiratory depression, hyperpyrexia, confusion and hallucinations in elderly due to anticholinergic effects.

25
Q

Nortriptyline

A

Tricyclic antidepressant
Blocks reuptake of NE and 5HT
Major depression, fibromyalgia.
Sedation, α-1 blocking effects (postural hypotension), anticholinergic/atropine-like side effects (tachycardia, urinary retention, dry mouth). Fewer anticholinergic effects than amitriptyline. Convulsions, coma, cardiac arrhythmias, respiratory depression, hyperpyrexia, less confusion and hallucinations in elderly than amitriptyline.

26
Q

Imipramine

A

Tricyclic antidepressant
Blocks reuptake of NE and 5HT
Major depression, fibromyalgia.
Sedation, α-1 blocking effects (postural hypotension), anticholinergic/atropine-like side effects (tachycardia, urinary retention, dry mouth). Convulsions, coma, cardiac arrhythmias, respiratory depression, hyperpyrexia.

27
Q

Despiramine

A

Tricyclic antidepressant
Blocks reuptake of NE and 5HT
Major depression, fibromyalgia.
Sedation, α-1 blocking effects (postural hypotension), anticholinergic/atropine-like side effects (tachycardia, urinary retention, dry mouth). Convulsions, coma, cardiac arrhythmias, respiratory depression, hyperpyrexia. Less sedating but has higher seizure incidence.

28
Q

Clomipramine

A

Tricyclic antidepressant
Blocks reuptake of NE and 5HT
Major depression, fibromyalgia, OCD.
Sedation, α-1 blocking effects (postural hypotension), anticholinergic/atropine-like side effects (tachycardia, urinary retention, dry mouth). Convulsions, coma, cardiac arrhythmias, respiratory depression, hyperpyrexia.

29
Q

Doxepin

A

Tricyclic antidepressant
Blocks reuptake of NE and 5HT
Major depression, fibromyalgia.
Sedation, α-1 blocking effects (postural hypotension), anticholinergic/atropine-like side effects (tachycardia, urinary retention, dry mouth). Convulsions, coma, cardiac arrhythmias, respiratory depression, hyperpyrexia.

30
Q

Amoxapine

A

Tricyclic antidepressant
Blocks reuptake of NE and 5HT
Major depression, fibromyalgia.
Sedation, α-1 blocking effects (postural hypotension), anticholinergic/atropine-like side effects (tachycardia, urinary retention, dry mouth). Convulsions, coma, cardiac arrhythmias, respiratory depression, hyperpyrexia.

31
Q

Tranylcypromine

A

MAOI
Nonselective MAO inhibition which increases levels of NE, 5HT, and DA
Atypical depression, anxiety, hypochondriasis
Hypertensive crisis (ingestion of tyramine in wine/cheese), CNS stimulation. Contraindicated with SSRIs, TCAs, St. John’s Wort, meperidine, and dextromethorpan (prevent serotonin syndrome). Relatively safe cardiac profile.

32
Q

Phenelzine

A

MAOI
Nonselective MAO inhibition which increases levels of NE, 5HT, and DA
Atypical depression, anxiety, hypochondriasis
Hypertensive crisis (ingestion of tyramine in wine/cheese), CNS stimulation. Contraindicated with SSRIs, TCAs, St. John’s Wort, meperidine, and dextromethorpan (prevent serotonin syndrome). Relatively safe cardiac profile.

33
Q

Isocarboxazid

A

MAOI
Nonselective MAO inhibition which increases levels of NE, 5HT, and DA
Atypical depression, anxiety, hypochondriasis
Hypertensive crisis (ingestion of tyramine in wine/cheese), CNS stimulation. Contraindicated with SSRIs, TCAs, St. John’s Wort, meperidine, and dextromethorpan (prevent serotonin syndrome). Relatively safe cardiac profile.

34
Q

Selegiline

A

MAOI
Selective MAO-B inhibition which increases levels of NE, 5HT, and DA
Atypical depression, anxiety, hypochondriasis
Hypertensive crisis (ingestion of tyramine in wine/cheese), CNS stimulation. Contraindicated with SSRIs, TCAs, St. John’s Wort, meperidine, and dextromethorpan (prevent serotonin syndrome). Relatively safe cardiac profile.

35
Q

Bupropion

A

Atypical antidepressant
Increases NE and DA via unknown mechanism.
Depression, smoking cessation.
Stimulant effects (tachycardia, insomnia), anxiety, dizziness, agitation, headache, seizures at high doses and in bulimic patients. No sexual side effects. Should not be used in patients who have abruptly stopped using CNS depressants.

36
Q

Mirtazapine

A

Atypical antidepressant
Alpha-2 antagonist, increasing release of NE and 5HT, and potent 5HT2 and 5HT3 receptor antagonist.
Depression with insomnia, anorexia nervosa
Sedation, increased appetite, weight gain, dry mouth.

37
Q

Trazodone

A

Atypical antidepressant
Blocks 5HT2 and α-1 receptors.
Insomnia.
High doses needed for antidepressant effects. Sedation, nausea, priapism, postural hypotension.

Pharmacology (19 decks)

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