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Peds Clerkship > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

How is acute respiratory failure defined? Present?

A

hypoxemia (PO2 < 50) or hypercapnea (PCO2 > 60)

cyanosis, tachypnea, nasal flaring, retractions

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2
Q

what can cause wheezing

A 
asthma
bronchiolitis
CF
Foreign body aspiration 
tracheomalacia
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3
Q

what is a bad sign in a kid with asthma

A

normal pCO2 (means tired of breathing and is not hyperventilating)

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4
Q

what are ADE of albuterol?

A

hypokalemia

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5
Q

What is triad of asthma

A

asthma + aspirin sensitivity + nasal polyps

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6
Q

What is Churg Strauss

A

asthma + eosinophillia + vasculitis

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7
Q 
Freq/type of smx + Treatment for:
Mild intermittent asthma
Mild persistent
Moderate persistent 
severe persistent 
asthma exacerbation 
status asthmaticus
A

Mild intermittent asthma: < 2x/wk | prn SABA (albuterol

Mild persistent: 2+x/wk | + low dose ICS

Moderate persistent: daily + nightime | + LABA (salmeterol)

severe persistent: consistent + feq nightime | + high dose ICS

asthma exacerbation: – | albuterol nebulizer + PO steroid burst

status asthmaticus: unresponsiveness to meds | admit and intubate

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8
Q

Tx for foreign body aspiration

A

rigid broncoscopy

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9
Q

barking cough, low-grade fever, respiratory distress; Dx AP neck X-ray shows “steeple sign”,

Dx + Tx

A

Croup (parainfluenza virus)

PO steroids + O2 > racemic epi > intubation

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10
Q

sore throat, fever, inspiratory stridor, drooling, “sitting on a table leaning forward”; Dx lateral neck
X-ray shows “thumbprint sign”

Dx and Tx?

A

Epiglottitis (H flu infection)

intubate + abx

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11
Q

what can you try to give in severe RSV bronchiolitis

A

ribavarin

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12
Q

MCC bug to cause pneumonia + treatment

A

Strep pneumo

ceftriaxone or fluroquinolone

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13
Q

presents w/ fever, malaise,
nonproductive cough; Dx CXR shows interstitial infiltrates,

Dx and Tx?

A

atypical pneumonia
Mycoplasma > legionella or chlamydia

azithromycin

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14
Q

respiratory distress; Dx CXR shows unilateral “white out” of lung

Dx and Tx

A

empyema from staph/strep infection in pleural space

vanc and chest tube

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15
Q

Treatment for latent TB

A

INH for 9 mos

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16
Q

Treatment for active TB

A

RIPE for 6 mos

17
Q

TB meningitis

A

RIPE + steroids

18
Q

fever, sore throat, “muffled voice”, drooling; Dx lateral neck X-ray shows bulging mass,

A

retropharyngeal abcess, usually staph, strep, or oral anaerobe

19
Q

fever, sore throat, “hot potato voice”, deviated uvula

A

peritonsillar abcess with staph, strep, or oral anerobe

20
Q

“whooping cough” (short bursts of cough followed by loud inspiratory sound) + paroxysmal cough
Dx and Tx

A

pertussis

azithromycin for pt and all close contacts

21
Q

what is BPD

A

inadequate repair for acute lung injury in a premie that causes arrested lung development
**needs O2 > 1 mo

22
Q

what is congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation

A

improper development of bronchioles → cystic mass in lungs → asx if small,
respiratory distress w/ mediastinal shift if large; Dx chest U/S, Tx surgical excision

23
Q

inspiratory stridor relieved w/ opisthotonic position (“crowing” respiration)

A

vascular ring

*inspiratory stridor also seen in laryngeomalacia

24
Q

seperates periodic breathing vs apnea

A

periodic stop breathing for < 20s

apnea > 20s

25
Q

treatment for centra apnea

A

caffine or theophylline

26
Q

What does ALTE

A

apnea + color change + limpness + chocking/gagging

27
Q

reccurent pneumonia with hemoptysis and rapid clearing on CXR

Tx?

A

idiopathic pulm hemosiderosis
*bleeding into lungs

steroids

28
Q

low pH with CO2 > 40

cause + treatment

A

hypoventilation

inc ventilation

29
Q

high pH and CO2 < 40

A

hyperventialtion

2/2 pain, fever, ARDS, sepsis

30
Q

low pH CO2 < 40 with normal anion gap

A

diarrhea, glue sniffine, RTA, hyperchloremia

Renal tubular acidosis
Diarrhea
Gastrointestinal fistula
Post-hyperventilation
Post-anion gap acidosis
31
Q

low pH CO2 < 40 with high anion gap

A 
"MUDPILES"
Methanol intoxication
Uremia
Diabetic or alcoholic ketoacidosis
Paraldehyde
Isoniazid or Iron overdose
Lactic acid
Ethylene glycol intoxication
Salicylate intoxication
32
Q

high pH, CO2 > 40

A

vomitting, antacids, hyperaldosteronism

Peds Clerkship (26 decks)

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