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Peds Clerkship > Renal/GU > Flashcards

Renal/GU Flashcards

1
Q

edema, hypoalbunemia, hyperlipidemia + fatty casts

A

nephrotic syndrome

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2
Q

loss of ____ on GBM causes nephrotic syndrome

A

negative charge

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3
Q

hematuria, oliguria, htn, azotemia + RBC casts

A

nephritic syndrome

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4
Q

viral URI then get nephrotic syndrome

A

minimal change disease

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5
Q

what does mut in WT1 on chromosome 11 cause

A 
WAGR syndrome
Wilms tumor
Aniridia
GU anomalies
MR
hemihypertrophy
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6
Q

muscle jerls with eyelid jerks + pancytopenia + abdominal/flank mass + inc urinary HVA/VMA

A

neuroblastoma

*N-myc amplification with proliferation of neural crest cells in adrenal

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7
Q

hemoptysis + hematuria

Dx? how to dx?

A

goodpastures due to anti-GBM Abs

renal biopsy with immunoflorecence

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8
Q

polydypsia and polyuria with glucosuria and aminoaciduria, rickets, type 2 RTA

A

fanconi syndrome with proximal tubule dysfunction leading to defective reabs of aa, bicarb, glc, phosphate

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9
Q

what are the diff between type 1, 2, 3, and 4 RTAs

A

1: distal prob = collectign duct cannot excrete H+ –> metabolic acidosis and hypoK (urinary alkaosis)
2: proximal prob= prox tubule cannot reabs bicarb –> metabolic acidosis and hypoK (urinary alkalosis)
3: does not exist
4: hyperkalemic prob = dec aldosterone or mut aldo receptor leads to metabolic acidosis (urinary acidosis)

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10
Q

asymptomatic in boys and girls are always “wet” with urine

A

low implantation of ureter (urine drips into vagina instead of bladder

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11
Q

distended bladder in neonate with full bladder but oliguiric

Dx, next step, and Tx

A

posterior urethral valves

get VCUG

surgery

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12
Q

UA in pt with rhabdo

A

hemaglobin but not RBCs

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13
Q

hematuria (nephritic syndrome_ + deafbess + ocular defects

Dx and genetic cause

A

Alport syndrome

XR mut in type 4 collagen

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14
Q

treatment for kidney stones

A

depends on size

2cm = surgery

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15
Q

what are the indication of dialysis in kids

A 
AEIOU
Acidosis (severe) 
Electrolytes (hyperK)
Intoxication 
Overload (hypervolumemia)
Uremia (BUN > 150, pericarditis)
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16
Q

treatment for UTI/cyctitis vs pyleo

A 
cystitis = TMP-SMX 
pyleo = ceftriaxone
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17
Q

what is treatment for mild vesicoureteral reflux

A

long term abx until kid grows out of it

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18
Q

what do blunted calyces on IV pyelogram indicate

A

chronic pyelonephritis

19
Q

wha is nephronia? how is it diagnosed?

A

between pylonephrotos and a renal abcess, Dx CT scan shows “distinct tissue” in kidney

Tx is long term abx

20
Q

what type of strep causes PSGN?

A

GAS with strep throat, impetigo, cellulitis

21
Q

is PSGN nephrotic or nephritic

A

nephritic

22
Q

what causes micropenis

A

GH deficiency

23
Q

what is phimosis

A

inability to retrat foreskin

get urology consult if > 3 yo

24
Q

urethral opening on ventral vs dorsal penis

A

ventral hypospadia

dorsal = epispadias

25
Q

treatment for urethritis

A

azithro + ceftriaxone **due to CG infection

26
Q

high ridign testicle with horizontal lie + no cremasteric reflex

A

testicular torsion

**may also be epidimitis but torsion in more emergent so must r/o first

27
Q

differing presentation of epididymitis and testicular torsion

A

epididymitis also had pyuria and fever

28
Q

incompetent valves in ___ vein leads to varicele

A

spermatic vein

29
Q

how to differentiate hydrocele vs scrotal edema

A

hydrocele geels like big nut and scrotal edema feels like big scrotum

30
Q

what type of cancer are undecended testes inc risk for

A

seminoma

31
Q

what is potter sequence

A

oligiohydraminos + pulm hypoplasia + club feet

32
Q

what is prune belly syndrome

A

lax abdominal wall with marked distension and dilarted urinary tract leading to potter sequence and bilateral cryptorchidism

33
Q

what is the treatment for labial adehsions

A

estrogen cream

34
Q

labial adhesions + electrolyte imbalance =

A

congenital adrenal hyperplasia

35
Q

when do females get infantlie menstruation

A

2 weeks

36
Q

what hormone abnormalities are seen in PCOS

A

inc LH, E, T with dec FSH

37
Q

treatment for PID

A

ceftriaxone and doxcycline

38
Q

PID + pelvic mass =

A

tubo-ovarian abcess

39
Q

delayed umbilical cord seperation

A

leukocyte adhesion deficiency

40
Q

red nodule on seperated umbilical cord

Dx and tx

A

umbilical granuloma

silver nitrate

41
Q

intestine protrue into umbilical cord with peritoneal covering

A

omphallocele

*look for cardiac defecrs

42
Q

intestines protrude WITHOUT peritoneal covering

A

gastrochisis

43
Q

urination from umbilical cord =

A

patent urachus

44
Q

meconium from umbilical cord

A

vitelline fistula (vitelline duct fails to obliterate)

Peds Clerkship (26 decks)

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