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Peds Clerkship > Newborn > Flashcards

Newborn Flashcards

1
Q

Newborn recusitation

A

Warm and dry the infant and remove any wet linens immediately.

Stimulate the infant to elicit a vigorous cry.

Suction amniotic fluid from the infant’s nose and mouth.

Initiate further resuscitation if required.

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2
Q

APGAR score

A

Appearance (skin color)

Pulse (heart rate) < or > 100bpm)

Grimace=1 active cough = 2 pts

Activity (muscle tone) flexion of al limbs = 2 pts (some limbs = 1)

Respiration

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3
Q

term =

A

born after 37 weeks

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4
Q

TORCH infections

A

TOxoplasmosis
Rubella
CMV
HSV

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5
Q

how to test for CMV in newborn

A

urine cx (can be positive for first 3 wks of life)

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6
Q

erythromycin eye ointment at birth is ppx for

A

Gonnorhea

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7
Q

congenital CMV findings

A

petechia, thrombocytopenia, calcifications on brain, chorioretinitis, b/l hearing loss

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8
Q

mom on seizure meds may cause __ to baby

A

cardiac defects

small head

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9
Q

Marfanoid body habitus, a hypercoaguable state, and possible developmental delay

A

homocystinuria

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10
Q

hepatomegaly, ataxia, seizures, and progressive neurologic degeneration. Fundoscopic exam reveals a “cherry-red” macula.

A

Niemann-Pick disease (sphingomyelinase)

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11
Q

hepatosplenomegaly, coarse facial features, frontal bossing, corneal clouding, and developmental delay. Affected individuals typically do not live past fifteen years old

A

Hurler syndrome (presents > 1yo) (defect in alpha-L-iduronidase)

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12
Q

hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly, and metabolic acidosis.

A

Von Gierke’s disease (defect in glucose-6-phosphatase)

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13
Q

WHat is morrow refelx?

A

limb flexion when extending head

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14
Q

what is placinf reflex

A

steps up when stimulating dorsum of feet

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15
Q

what is tonic neck refelx?

A

turnign neck causes arm extension on ipsl side and flexion on contralateral side

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16
Q

what is pustular melanosis

A

benign, little pustules that leave hyperpigemented pot when rupture

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17
Q

yellow white papules with surroundign edema, fluid shows eosinophils

A

erythema toxicum

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18
Q

yellow orange lesion on scalp that must be resected

A

sebaceous nevus

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19
Q

small reddish capillary malformation

A

strawberry hemangioma

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20
Q

XR condition, inflammatory bullae that evolve into hyperpigmented lesiosn and is lethal in makes

A

incontinentia pigmenti

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21
Q

Contraindications to LP

A

inc ICP w/o open fontanelle
Cardiopulmonary distress
puncture site cellulitis
sever coagulopathy

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22
Q

circumcision contraindications

A

hypospadias–forskin use for repair

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23
Q

renal problems due to dec amniotic fluid –> pulm hypoplasia + club feet abnormalities

A

oligiohydraminos

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24
Q

what can cuase polyhydraminos

A

GI obstruction

maternal DM

25
Q

What is twin-twin transfusion syndrome?

A

abnormal vascular flow between monochorionic and diamnionic twins causing donor twin to be abemic and oligiohydraminos and recipient twin to ve polycythemic and polyhydraminos ** Hct diff > 15 btwn the 2

26
Q

difficulty breathing while feeding but normal when crying/

Dx? how to make Dx? Tx

A

choanal atresia (non-canalized nasal passages)

Dx with nasal catheter or checking for fog under nares

Tx nasal tubes

27
Q

result of meconium aspiration

tx

A

systemic hypoxia and pulmonary HTN
(meconium is sterile but when aspirated it stims release of cytokines and vasoactive subst –> inflam)

intubation + tracheal suction + o2 mask

28
Q

tachypnea, grunting, possible cyanosis in a c/s infant

A

transien tachypnea of the newborn

29
Q

pathophys of TTN?
Dx made?
treatment?

A

retained fetal lung fluid

CXR shows pilmonary vascualr markings

100% o2 (will resolve in 3 days)

30
Q

TTN vs RDS

A

TTN improves with O2 and RDS does not

31
Q

neonatal hypothermia places baby at inc risk for ___

A

hypoglycemia

32
Q

what to do if neonate’s blood sugar < 40 vs < 20

A

< 40, then feed

<20 then give D10

33
Q

%iles to be AGA

A

10-90%

34
Q

what is the cause of hyperviscosity syndrome in neonates?

tx?

A

fetal hypoxia –> reactive polycythemia (hct > 65%) –> sludging/clotting in lungs, brain (seizures, tremors), kidney, GI (NEC)

exchange transfusion

35
Q

lethargic/limp neonate in mom that got intrapartum opioids for pain control

tx?

A

Narcosis–> give naloxone

36
Q

presents as drooling and choking on first feed

A

TEF

37
Q

bilious vomiting and polyhydramnios + KUB shows “double bubble”

A

duodenal atresia (trisomy 21)

38
Q

duodenal atresia vs intestinal atresia

A

intestinal = apple peal/tripple bubble appearence on XR, due to vascualr accident in utero

PRESENTS SAME QAY (billous vomitting)

39
Q

Treatment for IVH

A

VP shunt

40
Q

complicaitions of cleft lip/palate

A

recurrent OM
hearing losss
speech defects

41
Q

when to repain cleft lip vs palate

A

lip 2-3 mos

palate in 6 mos

42
Q

micrognathia → posteriorly displaced tongue (glossoptosis) → cleft palate + airway obstruction

A

Pierre-Robin sequence

43
Q

constipation → distended abdomen →
umbilical hernia, bradycardia, hypothermia, large fontanelles, etc

Dx and Tx

A

congenittal hypothyroid

levothyroxine

44
Q

tachycardia, tachypnea, irritability, diarrhea, vomiting, CHF

dx and tx + pathophys

A

neonatal thyroxoxicosis

proylthiouracil (PTU) for 2-4 mos as it gives time for mom’s Abs to disappear (caused by maternal TSI crossing placenta)

45
Q

inc AFP in pregnancy =

A

neural tube defect

46
Q

rigidity, trismus, opisthotonus, risus sardonicus

Dx + how does newborn get this

A

tetanus (from dirt)

toxin in umbilical stump

47
Q

presents w/ cranial bruits + high-output CHF

A

AVM of great vein of Galen

48
Q

pinky polydactylyl in white kid

Next step?

A

remove and get echo bc these kids often have cardiac issues (NOT true in other races)

49
Q

What is colic? Tx?

A

unexplained crying for >3hrs in an infant < 3mos

tx: swaddle

50
Q

presents as abdominal distention, vomiting, GI bleed, decreased bowel sounds

next step? dx? tx?

A

KUB looking for pnuematosis intestinalis

Tx: NPO/IVF/vanc and meropenem

51
Q

progressive hemorrhagic hydrocephalus in premature infant

Dx? Tx?

A

IVH get VP shunt

52
Q

What is RDS? PPX? TX?

A

infant of diabetic mom or premature –> no surfactant

ppx: 48 hrs maternal steroids

Tx: surfactant + O2 therapy + CPAP

53
Q

What is retinopathy of prematurity? what inc your risk of getting this?

A

disorganized growth of retinal blood vessels in premies that leads to scarring and retinal detachment

  1. premies
  2. hyoxia
  3. O2 toxicity
54
Q

transient erythema on dependent half of body, more common in premies

A

harlequin syndrome

55
Q

bleeding between periosteum and skull → “squishy” feel to scalp that doesn’t cross midline

A

cephalohematoma

56
Q

soft-tissue swelling of scalp where baby was delivered, crosses midline

A

caput succedaneum

57
Q

“squishy” feel to rapidly expanding scalp that crosses midline

A

subgaleak hemorrhage

58
Q

head trauma to temporal bone → torn middle meningeal artery → LOC w/ “lucid interval” → uncal herniation → death;
Dx head CT shows convex lens, Tx emergent craniotomy

A

epidural hematoma

Peds Clerkship (26 decks)

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