Respiratory Flashcards

0
Q

Oxygen utilization and gas exchange in tissues

A

Internal respiration

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1
Q

Ventilation and gas exchange in lungs

A

External respiration

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2
Q

What’s Dalton’s law

A

The total pressure of a gas make sure it is equal to the sum of all partial pressures

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3
Q

Percentage make ups of atmospheric air nitrogen oxygen and carbon dioxide

A

Nitrogen – 78%. Oxygen – 20%. Carbon dioxide – 1%.

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4
Q

Pressure of water and air constant

A

47 MM HG

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5
Q

Pressure of air

A

760 MMHG

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6
Q

Rate of blood flow through lungs, same as systemic circuit cardiac output

A

5.5 L per minute

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7
Q

Relationship between constriction of pulmonary arterial’s and alveolar partial pressure of oxygen

A

Pulmonary arterial’s constrict when partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli is low and pulmonary arterial’s dilate when partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli is high

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8
Q

Where is voluntary breathing controller and where is involuntary breathing controlled

A

Voluntary breathing is controlled in the cerebral cortex and involuntary breathing is controlled by the respiratory centers in the mud Doula and pons

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9
Q

Centers in pons that control breathing

A

The apneustic center promotes inspiration whereas the pneumotaxic center inhibits inspiration there for promoting expiration

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10
Q

Groups in the rhythmicity center of the Medela oblongata

A

The dorsal respiratory group is made up of inspiratory neurons that stimulates neurons of the phrenic nerve. The ventral respiratory group is made up of inspiratory neurons that stimulate spinal respiratory neurons and expiratory neurons that inhibit the Phrenic nerve

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11
Q

What three things do chemo receptors monitor and name the types of chemo receptors and where those are located

A

Chemoreceptors monitor pH, pressure of carbon dioxide and pressure of oxygen of the blood or brain fluid. Central chemo receptors are located in the medulla and peripheral receptors are located in the carotid and aorta arteries

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12
Q

Relationship between ventilation rate in carbon dioxide levels and pH

A

With hypo ventilation concentration of carbon dioxide rises and pH drops. With hyperventilation the opposite.

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13
Q

Why does pH fall when CO2 rises

A

Carbon dioxide and water forms carbonic acid

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14
Q

Which type of chemoreceptor responds quicker

A

Peripheral chemoreceptors respond much quicker but central chemoreceptors play a larger responsibility for changes

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15
Q

How does pressure of oxygen relate to ventilation

A

Low blood oxygen makes carotid bodies more sensitive to carbon dioxide

16
Q

What’s involved with ventilation after pepper spray

A

Unmyelinated C fibers affected by capsaicin produce rapid shallow breathing

17
Q

What’s the Haring Brewer reflex

A

Inhibits inhalation by sensing pulmonary stretch

18
Q

Describe the composition of hemoglobin and oxygen carriage by hemoglobin molecules

A

Four globins and four irons in a hemoglobin molecule. Each hemoglobin can carry four molecules of oxygen

19
Q

What’s the normal oxyhemoglobin saturation

A

97%

20
Q

What percent of oxygen is normally unloaded in tissues

A

22%

21
Q

What does two, three – DPG do

A

Increases oxygen unloading when pressure of oxygen is low

22
Q

Relationship between pH and temperature and oxygen affinity for hemoglobin

A

Decreased pH leads to decreased affinity therefore oxygen delivery is increased during hypercapnia. Increased temperature leads to decreased affinity therefore oxygen unloading is increased during exercise and fever

23
Q

Describe fetal hemoglobin

A

Fetal hemoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen then mothers so fetal hemoglobin will except oxygen from the mother’s blood therefore always have enough oxygen

24
Q

What three forms are carbon dioxide carried in the blood

A

Bicarbonate, hemoglobin carriage, and in solution