Metabolism

Question 0

What do adipocytes secrete and how does play a role in metabolism

Answer 0

Adipocytes secrete leptin which regulates hunger and metabolism.

Question 1

What promotes hyperphagia and what promotes hypophagia

Answer 1

The ventromedial area of the hypothalamus promote hyperphagia and the lateral hypothalamus produces hypophagia

Question 2

Regarding the pancreas what does a rise in plasma glucose stimulate

Answer 2

Stimulates insulin inhibits glucagon

Question 3

Regarding the pancreas what do amino acids stimulate

Answer 3

Secretion of both insulin and glucagon

Question 4

What two other things stimulate insulin secretion

Answer 4

Parasympathetic innervation and GIP

Question 5

What is the major source of blood glucose removal from insulin stimulation

Answer 5

Skeletal muscle

Question 6

Regarding the pancreas what happens during fasting

Answer 6

Insulin decreases glucagon increases

Question 7

What does glucagon stimulate

Answer 7

Glycogenolysis , gluconeogenesis, Lipolysis, ketogenesis

Question 8

Describe what happens in type one diabetes

Answer 8

Beta cells are destroyed thus insulin production is inhibited

Question 9

Describe what happens in type two diabetes

Answer 9

There is tissue insensitivity to insulin and in adequate insulin secretion

Question 10

What happens during a reactive hypoglycemia

Answer 10

There’s an overproduction of insulin in response to a rise in blood glucose concentration

Question 11

Describe the effects of epinephrine

Answer 11

Similar to glucagon – Glycogenolysis and Lipolysis

Question 12

Describe the effects of glucocorticoids

Answer 12

Stimulate the breakdown of muscle protein and the conversion of amino acids to glucose in the liver

Question 13

Describe the role of thyroxine

Answer 13

Sets the rate of cell respiration in almost all cells (BMR). Also promotes protein synthesis and needed for proper body growth

Question 14

What scenario stimulate secretion of growth hormone, what are growth hormones affect

Answer 14

A protein meal and by following glucose as occurs during fasting. Catabolism of lipids and inhibits glucose utilization and stimulates protein synthesis

Question 15

What promotes formation of bone and what promotes resorption of bone

Answer 15

Osteoblasts – formation. Osteoclasts – resorption

Question 16

Describe the effects of parathyroid hormone

Answer 16

Stimulates bone resorption and calcium reabsorption in the kidneys, also inhibits reabsorption of phosphate in the kidneys

Question 17

Describe the process of forming 1,25 – dihydroxyvitamin D3

Answer 17

Is derived from vitamin D by hydroxylation reactions in the liver in the kidneys. The last step is stimulated by parathyroid hormone

Question 18

Describe the effects of 1,25 – dihydroxyvitamin D3

Answer 18

Stimulates intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate, resorption of bone, and renal reabsorption of phosphate

Question 19

Describe where calcitonin is secreted from and its affects

Answer 19

Secreted from cells of thyroid gland stimulates urinary excretion of calcium and phosphate and inhibits bone resorption