Metabolism Flashcards

0
Q

What do adipocytes secrete and how does play a role in metabolism

A

Adipocytes secrete leptin which regulates hunger and metabolism.

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1
Q

What promotes hyperphagia and what promotes hypophagia

A

The ventromedial area of the hypothalamus promote hyperphagia and the lateral hypothalamus produces hypophagia

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2
Q

Regarding the pancreas what does a rise in plasma glucose stimulate

A

Stimulates insulin inhibits glucagon

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3
Q

Regarding the pancreas what do amino acids stimulate

A

Secretion of both insulin and glucagon

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4
Q

What two other things stimulate insulin secretion

A

Parasympathetic innervation and GIP

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5
Q

What is the major source of blood glucose removal from insulin stimulation

A

Skeletal muscle

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6
Q

Regarding the pancreas what happens during fasting

A

Insulin decreases glucagon increases

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7
Q

What does glucagon stimulate

A

Glycogenolysis , gluconeogenesis, Lipolysis, ketogenesis

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8
Q

Describe what happens in type one diabetes

A

Beta cells are destroyed thus insulin production is inhibited

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9
Q

Describe what happens in type two diabetes

A

There is tissue insensitivity to insulin and in adequate insulin secretion

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10
Q

What happens during a reactive hypoglycemia

A

There’s an overproduction of insulin in response to a rise in blood glucose concentration

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11
Q

Describe the effects of epinephrine

A

Similar to glucagon – Glycogenolysis and Lipolysis

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12
Q

Describe the effects of glucocorticoids

A

Stimulate the breakdown of muscle protein and the conversion of amino acids to glucose in the liver

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13
Q

Describe the role of thyroxine

A

Sets the rate of cell respiration in almost all cells (BMR). Also promotes protein synthesis and needed for proper body growth

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14
Q

What scenario stimulate secretion of growth hormone, what are growth hormones affect

A

A protein meal and by following glucose as occurs during fasting. Catabolism of lipids and inhibits glucose utilization and stimulates protein synthesis

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15
Q

What promotes formation of bone and what promotes resorption of bone

A

Osteoblasts – formation. Osteoclasts – resorption

16
Q

Describe the effects of parathyroid hormone

A

Stimulates bone resorption and calcium reabsorption in the kidneys, also inhibits reabsorption of phosphate in the kidneys

17
Q

Describe the process of forming 1,25 – dihydroxyvitamin D3

A

Is derived from vitamin D by hydroxylation reactions in the liver in the kidneys. The last step is stimulated by parathyroid hormone

18
Q

Describe the effects of 1,25 – dihydroxyvitamin D3

A

Stimulates intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate, resorption of bone, and renal reabsorption of phosphate

19
Q

Describe where calcitonin is secreted from and its affects

A

Secreted from cells of thyroid gland stimulates urinary excretion of calcium and phosphate and inhibits bone resorption