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ANAT102A > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

The respiratory system is responsible for?

A

Respiration, Phonation and Olfaction

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2
Q

Sense of smell by the aid of chemoreceptive cells of nasal
epithelium is sent to the brain via what nerve?

A

Olfactory nerve/ Cranial nerve I

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3
Q

What are the three system division of the respiratory system?

A

Conductive, Transitional and Gas exchange System

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4
Q

It is the exchange of gases including the oxygen and
carbon dioxide which takes place within the pulmonary
alveoli.

A

Respiration

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5
Q

It is the voice production

A

Phonation

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6
Q

voice production it is produced by the

A

larynx

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7
Q

Olfaction is possible due to the presence of?

A

chemoreceptive cells of nasal
epithelium.

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8
Q

Division of the Respiratory System: Extending from the nasal cavity up to bronchi

A

Conductive System

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9
Q

Division of the Respiratory System: With a defense mechanism of Mucous ciliary mechanism

A

Conductive System

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10
Q

Bronchioles is part of what Division of the Respiratory System

A

Transitional System

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11
Q

Clara cells are part of what Division of the Respiratory System

A

Transitional System

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12
Q

Conductive System has this type of Defense Mechanism

A

Mucous ciliary (MC) mechanism

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13
Q

Transitional System has this type of Defense Mechanism

A

Clara Cells

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14
Q

This Division of the Respiratory System Refers to the microscopic pulmonary alveoli

A

Gas exchange System

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15
Q

Gas exchange System has this type of Defense Mechanism

A

Alveolar macrophages,
Intravascular macrophages, Interstitial macrophages.

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16
Q

This inhibit salivation prior to surgery, pre anesthetic
agent.

A

Atropine

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17
Q

Upper and middle respiratory passage is lined by

A

Pseudostratified ciliated (kinocilia) columnar epithelium
(non-keratinized)

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18
Q

What are the Six Segments of Respiratory tract

A

Nasal Cavity, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Lungs

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19
Q

Opens externally at the nostril/external nares.

A

Nasal Cavity

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20
Q

Communicates behind through posterior nares.

A

Nasal Cavity

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21
Q

Serves as the site for the entrance of air from the external
environment.

A

Nasal Cavity

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22
Q

Filters the air by the aid of ciliated epithelium, which
filters the dirt and microorganism that goes to the nasal cavity.

A

Nasal Cavity

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23
Q

Serves as common passageway for digestive and respiratory tracts alternatively,

A

Pharynx

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24
Q

Voice box organ

A

Larynx

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25
Q

Has Cartilaginous structure

A

Larynx

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26
Q

Regulates the flow of air into the lungs

A

Larynx

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27
Q

The Larynx Structure can produce voice through passage of air through the?

A

Rima

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28
Q

Also known as the “Wind pipe”

A

Trachea

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29
Q

A Membranous and Cartilaginous tube

A

Trachea

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30
Q

Are tubes that connects the trachea to the different
lung lobes

A

Bronchi

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31
Q

Serves as the ventilation of the body

A

Lungs

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32
Q

Paired structure, that occupies the greater portion of thoracic cavity.

A

Lungs

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33
Q

What are the four Important Cavities IN the HEAD

A
  1. Cranial Cavity
  2. Orbital Cavity
  3. Nasal Cavity
  4. Oral Cavity
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34
Q

A cylindrical passage enclosed by all the bones of the face.

A

Nasal Cavity

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35
Q

What are the boundaries of the Nasal Cavity

A

Bounded dorsally by: Nasal bone
Bounded laterally by: Pre-maxilla and Maxilla
Bounded ventrally by: Palatine bone
Bounded rostrally by: Anterior Nares or Nostril
Bounded caudally by: posterior nares or choanae

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36
Q

It divides the nasal cavity into left and right compartments.

A

Vomer

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37
Q

Scroll of bones present inside the nasal cavity.

A

Turbinates or conchae

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38
Q

What are the compartments of the Conchae?

A

Dorsal Nasal Conchae and Ventral/Inferior Nasal Conchae

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39
Q

Dorsal/Superior Nasal Conchae – also known as

A

Ethmoid Turbinates.

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40
Q

Ventral/Inferior Nasal Conchae – also known as

A

Maxilla Turbinates

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41
Q

Between concha/turbinates there are airspaces technically
termed as

A

Meatuses.

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42
Q

What are the meatuses that are present in the nasal cavity

A

Superior, Middle, Inferior and Common Nasal Meatus

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43
Q

This is the meatus upper to dorsal nasal conchae.

A

Superior Nasal Meatus

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44
Q

This is the meatus between the dorsal and ventral nasal conchae

A

Middle Nasal Meatus

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45
Q

This is the meatus below the ventral nasal conchae

A

Inferior Nasal Meatus

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46
Q

This is the meatus that is the only direct passage between the nostril and pharynx

A

Inferior Nasal Meatus

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47
Q

This is the meatus below the dorsal and ventral conchae and Vomer and continuous with the other 3 meatuses

A

Common Nasal Meatus

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48
Q

is the inflammation of the mucosa or the lining of
the nasal cavity not the cavity itself.

A

Rhinitis

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49
Q

What are the three apertures of the Pharynx

A

Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx

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50
Q

The aperture of the pharynx that opens into the nasal cavity dorsally

A

Nasopharynx

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51
Q

The aperture of the pharynx that opens into the oral cavity

A

Oropharynx

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52
Q

The aperture of the pharynx that opens into he larynx and esophagus down below.

A

Laryngopharynx

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53
Q

Where the 3 apertures merges and is the common passage for food, water, and air.

A

Pharyngeal Proper

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54
Q

it is a cartilaginous structure and valvular apparatus situated between pharynx and trachea.

A

Larynx

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55
Q

Give the Three functions of Larynx

A
  1. To regulate air volume in respiration.
  2. To prevent aspiration of foreign bodies.
  3. Act as the organ of voice.
56
Q

The larynx is made up of how many cartilages?

A

9

57
Q

What are the Paired Cartilages of the Larynx

A
  1. Arytenoids (2)
  2. Curniculates (2)
  3. Cuneiforms (2)
58
Q

What are the Unpaired Cartilages of the Larynx

A
  1. Cricoid
  2. Thyroid
  3. Epiglottic cartilage /Epiglottis
59
Q

This is represented by the adam’s apple.

A

Thyroid Cartilage

60
Q

This covers the Rima glottis
during deglutition. It avoids the aspiration.

A

Epiglottic cartilage /Epiglottis

61
Q

What are the cavities of the Larynx

A
  1. Laryngeal Aditus
  2. Laryngeal Vestibule
  3. Rima glottides
  4. Posterior Compartment
62
Q

This the entrance or pharyngeal aperture

A

Laryngeal Aditus

63
Q

Boundaries of Laryngeal Aditus

A

Bounded in front by epiglottis. Behind by arytenoids.
Laterally by ary-epiglottic folds.

64
Q

The portion of the cavity of the larynx above the vocal folds is called the

A

Laryngeal Vestibule

65
Q

The Laryngeal Vestibule laterally has?

A

Ventricular Folds and Lateral ventricle

66
Q

The Lateral ventricle leads into the what?

A

laryngeal saccule

67
Q

The laryngeal cavity that is bounded on either side by vocal cords

A

Rima glottides

68
Q

Most important part of the larynx.

A

Rima glottides

69
Q

Laryngeal cavity located in the proximal aspect

A

Rima glottides

70
Q

Laryngeal cavity that is a slit-like opening

A

Rima glottides

71
Q

Laryngeal cavity that plays a vital role in voice production.

A

Rima glottides

72
Q

Laryngeal cavity that is continuous with trachea

A

Posterior Compartment

73
Q

What are the Extrinsic Muscles of the Larynx

A

1) Sterno-thyrohyoid
2) Thyro-hyoid
3) Hyo-epiglottic

74
Q

What are the Intrinsic Muscles of the Larynx

A

1) Crico-thyroid
2) Dorsal crico- arytenoid
3) Lateral crico-arytenoid
4) Transverse-arytenoids
5) Ventricular
6) Vocal

75
Q

This laryngeal muscle tenses the vocal cords

A

Crico-thyroid muscle

76
Q

This laryngeal muscle dilates the rima

A

Dorsal crico-arytenoid

77
Q

This laryngeal muscle closes the rima

A

Lateral crico-arytenoid

78
Q

This laryngeal muscle assists closing of rima

A

Transverse-arytenoids

79
Q

This laryngeal muscle closes rima and loosens vocal folds.

A

Ventricular

80
Q

This laryngeal muscle closes rima and loosens vocal folds.

A

Vocal

81
Q

This structure Extends to the larynx to the hilus of the
lungs.

A

Trachea

82
Q

It is marked by the presence of tracheal rings

A

Trachea

83
Q

The tracheal rings is composed of what type of cartilage?

A

hyaline type cartilage

84
Q

The trachea on its distal end bifurcates or branch out into the?

A

left and right
primary bronchi.

85
Q

is the point of tracheal bifurcation

A

Carina

86
Q

This is always patent/opened so that the oxygen and
carbon dioxide can pass freely unlike esophagus.

A

Trachea

87
Q

At the level of bronchi, rings are still present and they are
termed as

A

Bronchial rings

88
Q

What are the layers of the Trachea

A
  1. Fascia Propria
  2. Cartilaginous ring
  3. Fibroelastic layer
  4. Muscular layer
  5. Mucous membrane layer
89
Q

These are the microscopic branches of bronchioles.

A

Pulmonary Alveoli

90
Q

What are the four surfaces of the lungs

A
  1. Costal
  2. Mediastinal
  3. Interlobar
  4. Diaphragmatic
91
Q

The surface of the lungs that faces the ribs

A

Costal surface

92
Q

The surface of the lungs facing the heart

A

Mediastinal surface

93
Q

The surface of the lungs that facing adjacent lobes

A

Interlobar surface

94
Q

The surface of the lungs that facing the diaphragm caudally

A

Diaphragmatic

95
Q

What are the lobes of the right lung

A
  1. Apical Lobe
  2. Cardiac Lobe
  3. ntermediate/ Accessory Lobe
  4. Diaphragmatic Lobe
96
Q

What are the lobes of the left lung

A
  1. Cranial Lobe
  2. Middle Lobe
  3. Caudal Lobe
97
Q

Lobe of the lung that has irregular shape,
lobe nearest to the diaphragm caudally.

A

Intermediate/ Accessory Lobe

98
Q

What are the 6 structures that enter/exit the Pulmonary Hilus

A
  1. Bronchus/Bronchi
  2. Bronchial Artery
  3. Pulmonary Artery
  4. Pulmonary Vein
  5. Pulmonary Nerves
  6. Pulmonary Lymph vessels
99
Q

What lung type of domestic animal has well developed secondary lobules

A

Type 1

100
Q

What lung type of domestic animal has No secondary lobules

A

Type 2

101
Q

What lung type of domestic animal has incompletely developed secondary lobules

A

Type 3

102
Q

What lung type of domestic animal are present in Cattles, Sheep, Goats and Pigs

A

Type 1

103
Q

What lung type of domestic animal are present in Monkeys, Dogs and Cats

A

Type 2

104
Q

What lung type of domestic animal are Present in Horses.

A

Type 3

105
Q

What are the Characteristics of a Normal Lung?

A
  1. Soft and spongy,
    crepitates when pressed
  2. Bright pink in colors
  3. Float in water
106
Q

What are the Characteristics of a Fetal Lung

A
  1. Much smaller
  2. Pale gray color
  3. Sink in water
  4. Firmer to touch, does not crepitates
107
Q

What domestic animal which lungs are Not divided into lobes by fissures, right lung has intermediate lobe

A

Horse

108
Q

What domestic animal which lungs are divided into lobes by deep interlobar fissures

A

Ox/Sheep

109
Q

What domestic animal which lungs are almost the same with ox and sheep but left lung can be
regarded as having only 2 lobes

A

Pig

110
Q

What domestic animal which the Diaphragmatic lobe is marked off by a distinct fissure

A

Pig

111
Q

The apical and cardiac lobes are separated only by the?

A

Cardiac Notch

112
Q

What domestic animal which the right lung are divided into four lobes by very deep fissures which extend
to root.

A

Dog

113
Q

Mesothelial lining or serous membranes which line walls
of thorax and are reflected over the surface of the lungs

A

Pleura

114
Q

are attached to the structures which they cover by subserous tissue

A

Pleura

115
Q

The Parietal Pleura subserous tissue is called

A

Endothoracic Fascia

116
Q

Parietal Pleura has 3 lines of reflection

A
  1. Vertebral
  2. Sternal
  3. Diaphragmatic
117
Q

The line of reflection of parietal pleura facing the thoracic vertebra dorsally

A

Vertebral

118
Q

The line of reflection of parietal pleura facing the sternum ventrally

A

Sternal

119
Q

The line of reflection of parietal pleura facing the diaphragm caudally

A

Diaphragmatic

120
Q

The potential space at the middle of thorax that can be seen on radiographs.

A

Mediastinum

121
Q

The mediastinum is divided into 3 parts what are they

A
  1. Pre-Cardial
  2. Cardial
  3. Post-Cardial
122
Q

The Pre-cardial mediastinum contains what following structures

A
  1. Trachea
  2. Esophagus
  3. Blood Vessels
  4. Thoracic Duct
  5. Nerves
  6. Thymus
  7. Lymph glands
123
Q

The Cardial mediastinum contains what following structures

A
  1. Heart
  2. Blood Vessel
  3. Esophagus
  4. Thoracic Duct
  5. Nerves
124
Q

The Postcardial mediastinum contains what following structures

A
  1. Aorta
  2. Vena Azygos
  3. Thoracic Duct
  4. Esophagus
  5. Nerves
125
Q

Is an unpaired muscle which forms a partition between
thoracic and abdominal cavities.

A

Diaphragm

126
Q

inspiratory muscle, regarded as the principal muscle for
inspiration.

A

Diaphragm

127
Q

What are the parts of the Diaphragm

A
  1. Costal
  2. Sternal
  3. Lumbar
128
Q

Diaphragm is perforated by 3 openings what are those?

A
  1. Aortic Hiatus
  2. Esophageal Hiatus
  3. Caval foramen Hiatus
129
Q

What structures passes through the Aortic Hiatus

A

a. Aorta
b. Vena azygos
c. Cisterna
d. Cisterna Chyli

130
Q

What structures passes through the Esophageal Hiatus

A

a. Esophagus
b. Esophageal Branch of gastric artery
c. Vagus Nerves

131
Q

What structures passes through the Caval Foramen Hiatus

A

a. Caudal Vena Cava

132
Q

Trapping of particles in the upper and middle respiratory passages

A

Deposition

133
Q

Removal of trapped particles in the upper and middle respiratory passages

A

Clearance

134
Q

Difference between the deposited and trapped particles in the upper and middle respiratory passages

A

Retention

135
Q

Separates the nasal cavity into left and right

A

Vomer

136
Q

What causes Aspiration pneumonia

A

Entrance of large foreign object into the lungs

137
Q

Branches of bronchi

A

Primary, Secondary, Tertiary

ANAT102A (11 decks)

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