Respiratory Flashcards
1
Q
The respiratory system is responsible for?
A
Respiration, Phonation and Olfaction
2
Q
Sense of smell by the aid of chemoreceptive cells of nasal
epithelium is sent to the brain via what nerve?
A
Olfactory nerve/ Cranial nerve I
3
Q
What are the three system division of the respiratory system?
A
Conductive, Transitional and Gas exchange System
4
Q
It is the exchange of gases including the oxygen and
carbon dioxide which takes place within the pulmonary
alveoli.
A
Respiration
5
Q
It is the voice production
A
Phonation
6
Q
voice production it is produced by the
A
larynx
7
Q
Olfaction is possible due to the presence of?
A
chemoreceptive cells of nasal
epithelium.
8
Q
Division of the Respiratory System: Extending from the nasal cavity up to bronchi
A
Conductive System
9
Q
Division of the Respiratory System: With a defense mechanism of Mucous ciliary mechanism
A
Conductive System
10
Q
Bronchioles is part of what Division of the Respiratory System
A
Transitional System
11
Q
Clara cells are part of what Division of the Respiratory System
A
Transitional System
12
Q
Conductive System has this type of Defense Mechanism
A
Mucous ciliary (MC) mechanism
13
Q
Transitional System has this type of Defense Mechanism
A
Clara Cells
14
Q
This Division of the Respiratory System Refers to the microscopic pulmonary alveoli
A
Gas exchange System
15
Q
Gas exchange System has this type of Defense Mechanism
A
Alveolar macrophages,
Intravascular macrophages, Interstitial macrophages.
16
Q
This inhibit salivation prior to surgery, pre anesthetic
agent.
A
Atropine
17
Q
Upper and middle respiratory passage is lined by
A
Pseudostratified ciliated (kinocilia) columnar epithelium
(non-keratinized)
18
Q
What are the Six Segments of Respiratory tract
A
Nasal Cavity, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Lungs
19
Q
Opens externally at the nostril/external nares.
A
Nasal Cavity
20
Q
Communicates behind through posterior nares.
A
Nasal Cavity
21
Q
Serves as the site for the entrance of air from the external
environment.
A
Nasal Cavity
22
Q
Filters the air by the aid of ciliated epithelium, which
filters the dirt and microorganism that goes to the nasal cavity.
A
Nasal Cavity
23
Q
Serves as common passageway for digestive and respiratory tracts alternatively,
A
Pharynx
24
Q
Voice box organ
A
Larynx
25
Has Cartilaginous structure
Larynx
26
Regulates the flow of air into the lungs
Larynx
27
The Larynx Structure can produce voice through passage of air through the?
Rima
28
Also known as the “Wind pipe”
Trachea
29
A Membranous and Cartilaginous tube
Trachea
30
Are tubes that connects the trachea to the different
lung lobes
Bronchi
31
Serves as the ventilation of the body
Lungs
32
Paired structure, that occupies the greater portion of thoracic cavity.
Lungs
33
What are the four Important Cavities IN the HEAD
1. Cranial Cavity
2. Orbital Cavity
3. Nasal Cavity
4. Oral Cavity
34
A cylindrical passage enclosed by all the bones of the face.
Nasal Cavity
35
What are the boundaries of the Nasal Cavity
Bounded dorsally by: Nasal bone
Bounded laterally by: Pre-maxilla and Maxilla
Bounded ventrally by: Palatine bone
Bounded rostrally by: Anterior Nares or Nostril
Bounded caudally by: posterior nares or choanae
36
It divides the nasal cavity into left and right compartments.
Vomer
37
Scroll of bones present inside the nasal cavity.
Turbinates or conchae
38
What are the compartments of the Conchae?
Dorsal Nasal Conchae and Ventral/Inferior Nasal Conchae
39
Dorsal/Superior Nasal Conchae – also known as
Ethmoid Turbinates.
40
Ventral/Inferior Nasal Conchae – also known as
Maxilla Turbinates
41
Between concha/turbinates there are airspaces technically
termed as
Meatuses.
42
What are the meatuses that are present in the nasal cavity
Superior, Middle, Inferior and Common Nasal Meatus
43
This is the meatus upper to dorsal nasal conchae.
Superior Nasal Meatus
44
This is the meatus between the dorsal and ventral nasal conchae
Middle Nasal Meatus
45
This is the meatus below the ventral nasal conchae
Inferior Nasal Meatus
46
This is the meatus that is the only direct passage between the nostril and pharynx
Inferior Nasal Meatus
47
This is the meatus below the dorsal and ventral conchae and Vomer and continuous with the other 3 meatuses
Common Nasal Meatus
48
is the inflammation of the mucosa or the lining of
the nasal cavity not the cavity itself.
Rhinitis
49
What are the three apertures of the Pharynx
Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx
50
The aperture of the pharynx that opens into the nasal cavity dorsally
Nasopharynx
51
The aperture of the pharynx that opens into the oral cavity
Oropharynx
52
The aperture of the pharynx that opens into he larynx and esophagus down below.
Laryngopharynx
53
Where the 3 apertures merges and is the common passage for food, water, and air.
Pharyngeal Proper
54
it is a cartilaginous structure and valvular apparatus situated between pharynx and trachea.
Larynx
55
Give the Three functions of Larynx
1. To regulate air volume in respiration.
2. To prevent aspiration of foreign bodies.
3. Act as the organ of voice.
56
The larynx is made up of how many cartilages?
9
57
What are the Paired Cartilages of the Larynx
1. Arytenoids (2)
2. Curniculates (2)
3. Cuneiforms (2)
58
What are the Unpaired Cartilages of the Larynx
1. Cricoid
2. Thyroid
3. Epiglottic cartilage /Epiglottis
59
This is represented by the adam’s apple.
Thyroid Cartilage
60
This covers the Rima glottis
during deglutition. It avoids the aspiration.
Epiglottic cartilage /Epiglottis
61
What are the cavities of the Larynx
1. Laryngeal Aditus
2. Laryngeal Vestibule
3. Rima glottides
4. Posterior Compartment
62
This the entrance or pharyngeal aperture
Laryngeal Aditus
63
Boundaries of Laryngeal Aditus
Bounded in front by epiglottis. Behind by arytenoids.
Laterally by ary-epiglottic folds.
64
The portion of the cavity of the larynx above the vocal folds is called the
Laryngeal Vestibule
65
The Laryngeal Vestibule laterally has?
Ventricular Folds and Lateral ventricle
66
The Lateral ventricle leads into the what?
laryngeal saccule
67
The laryngeal cavity that is bounded on either side by vocal cords
Rima glottides
68
Most important part of the larynx.
Rima glottides
69
Laryngeal cavity located in the proximal aspect
Rima glottides
70
Laryngeal cavity that is a slit-like opening
Rima glottides
71
Laryngeal cavity that plays a vital role in voice production.
Rima glottides
72
Laryngeal cavity that is continuous with trachea
Posterior Compartment
73
What are the Extrinsic Muscles of the Larynx
1) Sterno-thyrohyoid
2) Thyro-hyoid
3) Hyo-epiglottic
74
What are the Intrinsic Muscles of the Larynx
1) Crico-thyroid
2) Dorsal crico- arytenoid
3) Lateral crico-arytenoid
4) Transverse-arytenoids
5) Ventricular
6) Vocal
75
This laryngeal muscle tenses the vocal cords
Crico-thyroid muscle
76
This laryngeal muscle dilates the rima
Dorsal crico-arytenoid
77
This laryngeal muscle closes the rima
Lateral crico-arytenoid
78
This laryngeal muscle assists closing of rima
Transverse-arytenoids
79
This laryngeal muscle closes rima and loosens vocal folds.
Ventricular
80
This laryngeal muscle closes rima and loosens vocal folds.
Vocal
81
This structure Extends to the larynx to the hilus of the
lungs.
Trachea
82
It is marked by the presence of tracheal rings
Trachea
83
The tracheal rings is composed of what type of cartilage?
hyaline type cartilage
84
The trachea on its distal end bifurcates or branch out into the?
left and right
primary bronchi.
85
is the point of tracheal bifurcation
Carina
86
This is always patent/opened so that the oxygen and
carbon dioxide can pass freely unlike esophagus.
Trachea
87
At the level of bronchi, rings are still present and they are
termed as
Bronchial rings
88
What are the layers of the Trachea
1. Fascia Propria
2. Cartilaginous ring
3. Fibroelastic layer
4. Muscular layer
5. Mucous membrane layer
89
These are the microscopic branches of bronchioles.
Pulmonary Alveoli
90
What are the four surfaces of the lungs
1. Costal
2. Mediastinal
3. Interlobar
4. Diaphragmatic
91
The surface of the lungs that faces the ribs
Costal surface
92
The surface of the lungs facing the heart
Mediastinal surface
93
The surface of the lungs that facing adjacent lobes
Interlobar surface
94
The surface of the lungs that facing the diaphragm caudally
Diaphragmatic
95
What are the lobes of the right lung
1. Apical Lobe
2. Cardiac Lobe
3. ntermediate/ Accessory Lobe
4. Diaphragmatic Lobe
96
What are the lobes of the left lung
1. Cranial Lobe
2. Middle Lobe
3. Caudal Lobe
97
Lobe of the lung that has irregular shape,
lobe nearest to the diaphragm caudally.
Intermediate/ Accessory Lobe
98
What are the 6 structures that enter/exit the Pulmonary Hilus
1. Bronchus/Bronchi
2. Bronchial Artery
3. Pulmonary Artery
4. Pulmonary Vein
5. Pulmonary Nerves
6. Pulmonary Lymph vessels
99
What lung type of domestic animal has well developed secondary lobules
Type 1
100
What lung type of domestic animal has No secondary lobules
Type 2
101
What lung type of domestic animal has incompletely developed secondary lobules
Type 3
102
What lung type of domestic animal are present in Cattles, Sheep, Goats and Pigs
Type 1
103
What lung type of domestic animal are present in Monkeys, Dogs and Cats
Type 2
104
What lung type of domestic animal are Present in Horses.
Type 3
105
What are the Characteristics of a Normal Lung?
1. Soft and spongy,
crepitates when pressed
2. Bright pink in colors
3. Float in water
106
What are the Characteristics of a Fetal Lung
1. Much smaller
2. Pale gray color
3. Sink in water
4. Firmer to touch, does not crepitates
107
What domestic animal which lungs are Not divided into lobes by fissures, right lung has intermediate lobe
Horse
108
What domestic animal which lungs are divided into lobes by deep interlobar fissures
Ox/Sheep
109
What domestic animal which lungs are almost the same with ox and sheep but left lung can be
regarded as having only 2 lobes
Pig
110
What domestic animal which the Diaphragmatic lobe is marked off by a distinct fissure
Pig
111
The apical and cardiac lobes are separated only by the?
Cardiac Notch
112
What domestic animal which the right lung are divided into four lobes by very deep fissures which extend
to root.
Dog
113
Mesothelial lining or serous membranes which line walls
of thorax and are reflected over the surface of the lungs
Pleura
114
are attached to the structures which they cover by subserous tissue
Pleura
115
The Parietal Pleura subserous tissue is called
Endothoracic Fascia
116
Parietal Pleura has 3 lines of reflection
1. Vertebral
2. Sternal
3. Diaphragmatic
117
The line of reflection of parietal pleura facing the thoracic vertebra dorsally
Vertebral
118
The line of reflection of parietal pleura facing the sternum ventrally
Sternal
119
The line of reflection of parietal pleura facing the diaphragm caudally
Diaphragmatic
120
The potential space at the middle of thorax that can be seen on radiographs.
Mediastinum
121
The mediastinum is divided into 3 parts what are they
1. Pre-Cardial
2. Cardial
3. Post-Cardial
122
The Pre-cardial mediastinum contains what following structures
1. Trachea
2. Esophagus
3. Blood Vessels
4. Thoracic Duct
5. Nerves
6. Thymus
7. Lymph glands
123
The Cardial mediastinum contains what following structures
1. Heart
2. Blood Vessel
3. Esophagus
4. Thoracic Duct
5. Nerves
124
The Postcardial mediastinum contains what following structures
1. Aorta
2. Vena Azygos
3. Thoracic Duct
4. Esophagus
5. Nerves
125
Is an unpaired muscle which forms a partition between
thoracic and abdominal cavities.
Diaphragm
126
inspiratory muscle, regarded as the principal muscle for
inspiration.
Diaphragm
127
What are the parts of the Diaphragm
1. Costal
2. Sternal
3. Lumbar
128
Diaphragm is perforated by 3 openings what are those?
1. Aortic Hiatus
2. Esophageal Hiatus
3. Caval foramen Hiatus
129
What structures passes through the Aortic Hiatus
a. Aorta
b. Vena azygos
c. Cisterna
d. Cisterna Chyli
130
What structures passes through the Esophageal Hiatus
a. Esophagus
b. Esophageal Branch of gastric artery
c. Vagus Nerves
131
What structures passes through the Caval Foramen Hiatus
a. Caudal Vena Cava
132
Trapping of particles in the upper and middle respiratory passages
Deposition
133
Removal of trapped particles in the upper and middle respiratory passages
Clearance
134
Difference between the deposited and trapped particles in the upper and middle respiratory passages
Retention
135
Separates the nasal cavity into left and right
Vomer
136
What causes Aspiration pneumonia
Entrance of large foreign object into the lungs
137
Branches of bronchi
Primary, Secondary, Tertiary
