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ANAT102A > neuroendocrine_extended_flashcards > Flashcards

neuroendocrine_extended_flashcards

1
Q

Responsible for the sense of smell.

A

Cranial Nerve I (Olfactory)

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2
Q

Responsible for vision.

A

Cranial Nerve II (Optic)

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3
Q

Controls movement of eyeball muscles.

A

Cranial Nerve III (Oculomotor)

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4
Q

Controls movement of the superior oblique muscle.

A

Cranial Nerve IV (Trochlear)

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5
Q

Innervates the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular nerves.

A

Cranial Nerve V (Trigeminal)

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6
Q

Controls movement of the lateral rectus muscle.

A

Cranial Nerve VI (Abducens)

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7
Q

Controls movement of facial muscles.

A

Cranial Nerve VII (Facial)

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8
Q

Responsible for hearing and balance.

A

Cranial Nerve VIII (Vestibulocochlear)

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9
Q

Innervates taste buds and aids in gustation.

A

Cranial Nerve IX (Glossopharyngeal)

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10
Q

Innervates thoracic and abdominal organs.

A

Cranial Nerve X (Vagus)

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11
Q

Innervates neck and shoulder structures.

A

Cranial Nerve XI (Spinal Accessory)

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12
Q

Controls tongue muscle movements.

A

Cranial Nerve XII (Hypoglossal)

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13
Q

3 vesicle origin of the brain

A

Prosencephalon, Mesencephalon, Rhombencephalon.

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14
Q

5 vesicle origin of the brain

A

Telencephalon, Diencephalon, Mesencephalon, Metencephalon, Myelencephalon.

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15
Q

Telencephalon adult counterpart

A

Cerebrum.

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16
Q

Diencephalon adult counterpart

A

Thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus.

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17
Q

Mesencephalon adult counterpart

A

Midbrain.

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18
Q

Metencephalon adult counterpart

A

Pons and cerebellum.

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19
Q

Myelencephalon adult counterpart

A

Medulla oblongata.

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20
Q

Has chromophils and chromophobes. Chromophils secrete GH, ACTH, TSH, FSH, LH, and Prolactin.

A

Pars Distalis

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21
Q

The non-secretory part of the pituitary gland.

A

Pars Tuberalis

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22
Q

Located between Pars Distalis and Pars Nervosa. Secretes Melanocyte Stimulating Hormones (MSH) in lower animals.

A

Pars Intermedia

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23
Q

Alpha cells secretes?

A

Secrete glucagon.

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24
Q

Beta cells secretes?

A

Secrete insulin.

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25
Q

Delta cells secretes?

A

Secrete somatostatin.

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26
Q

F-cells secretes?

A

Secrete pancreatic polypeptides.

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27
Q

Neuroendocrinology

A

The study of the interaction between the nervous system and the endocrine system, particularly how the brain regulates hormonal activity.

28
Q

Nervous and endocrine systems often act together in a process called?

A

Neuroendocrine integration.

29
Q

What is the main regulatory brain region in neuroendocrinology?

A

Hypothalamus.

30
Q

Function of the nervous system

A

Detects and responds to changes in internal and external environments to ensure survival.

31
Q

Function of the endocrine system

A

Regulates physiological processes through hormone production and secretion.

32
Q

Basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system

A

Neuron.

33
Q

Properties of neurons

A

Irritability (respond to stimuli) and conductivity (transmit impulses).

34
Q

Temporarily stores oxytocin and vasopressin

A

Pars Nervososa

35
Q

Function of myelin sheath

A

Insulates nerve fibers and speeds up impulse transmission.

36
Q

Components of the central nervous system (CNS)

A

Brain and spinal cord.

37
Q

Components of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

Cranial nerves, spinal nerves, autonomic nervous system.

38
Q

Gross subdivisions of the brain

A

Forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain.

39
Q

Seat of conscious activities, memory, and intelligence.

A

Cerebrum

40
Q

Coordination, balance, and motor control.

A

Cerebellum

41
Q

Parts of brainstem

A

pons and medulla oblongata

42
Q

Longest cranial nerve

A

Vagus nerve (Cranial Nerve X).

43
Q

Largest cranial nerve

A

Trigeminal nerve (Cranial Nerve V).

44
Q

Shortest cranial nerve

A

Olfactory nerve (Cranial Nerve I).

45
Q

Location of pneumotaxic and apneustic centers

A

Pons (Brainstem)

46
Q

Hormones produced by hypothalamus

A

Oxytocin and vasopressin.

47
Q

Functions of pituitary gland

A

Secretes various hormones like growth hormone (GH), ACTH, TSH, FSH, LH, and stores oxytocin and vasopressin.

48
Q

Hormone secreted by the pineal body

A

Melatonin.

49
Q

Hormones produced by the adrenal gland

A

Glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, epinephrine, and norepinephrine.

50
Q

Hormones secreted by the pancreas

A

Insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptides.

51
Q

Examples of peptide hormones

A

Hypothalamic hormones, pituitary hormones, insulin, and parathormone.

52
Q

Examples of steroidal hormones

A

Glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and gonadal hormones.

53
Q

Examples of monoamine hormones

A

Epinephrine, norepinephrine, T3, T4, melatonin, and serotonin.

54
Q

Functions of thyroid gland hormones

A

Regulate basal metabolic rate (T3 and T4).

55
Q

Endocrine glands with both endocrine and exocrine functions

A

Pancreas.

56
Q

Source of testosterone

A

Testes.

57
Q

Hormones secreted by the placenta

A

Progesterone and placental lactogens.

58
Q

Part of neuron that interprets neuoral impulses

A

Cell body

59
Q

Part of neuron that transmit impulses away from the cell body

A

Axon

60
Q

Part of neuron that transmit impulses towards the body

A

Dendrites

61
Q

Components of the autonomic nervous system

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

62
Q

protects the brain against pathogens

A

Meninges

63
Q

Component of Meninges that has a outer, dark layer, tough, faces the skull

A

Dura mater

64
Q

Component of Meninges which is the intermediate, spider web-like under
the microscope

A

Arachnoidea

65
Q

Component of Meninges which is the inner, delicate layer

A

Pia mater

66
Q

Nerves mostly with excitatory effects

A

Sympathethic Nerves/ Thoracolumbar Nerves

67
Q

Nerves mostly with inhibitory effects

A

Parasympathetic Nerves/ Craniosacral Nerves

ANAT102A (11 decks)

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