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ANAT102A > MIDTERMS > Flashcards

MIDTERMS Flashcards

1
Q

qualitative decrease in size of cells.

A

Atrophy

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2
Q

qualitative increase in size of cells.

A

Hypertrophy

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3
Q

qualitative increase in number of cells.

A

Hyperplasia

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4
Q

transformation of one cell to another.

A

Metaplasia

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5
Q

it is the reversion of cell, lacks in structure.

A

Anaplasia

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6
Q

abnormality in size, shape, orientation of
cell.

A

Dysplasia

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7
Q

formation of new cell with atypical cellular
structure with increase mitotic figure.

A

Neoplasia

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8
Q

Animal starch is

A

Glycogen

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9
Q

principal fluid medium, constituting 70% of cell
mass.

A

Water

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10
Q

most abundant substance 10% to 20% of cell
mass, building block is amino acids.

A

Proteins

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11
Q

makes up 2% of cells, building blocks is fatty
acids and glycerol.

A

Lipids

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12
Q

is the stored form of lipids in fat cells.

A

Triglyceride

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13
Q

provides most of the nutritional
requirements of cell

A

Carbohydrates

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14
Q

Blood sugar, simplest form of
carbohydrates for cell metabolism

A

Glucose

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15
Q

stored in skeletal muscles and
it is the storage form of carbohydrates.

A

Glycogen

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16
Q

is the carbohydrate component of cell
membrane

A

Glycocalyx

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17
Q

Type of cells that divide through Meiosis and is Haploid (n).

A

Germ cells/Gametes

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18
Q

Type of cells that divide through Mitosis and is Diploid (2n).

A

Somatic Cells

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19
Q

“Resting phase” of the cell and it is known to be the longest phase.

A

Interphase

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20
Q

Cell Division Phase: Condensation of nuclear material, nucleus
becomes darker

A

Prophase

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21
Q

Cell Division Phase: Chromosomes thicken and become visible while
the nuclear membrane and nucleus disappear

A

Prophase

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22
Q

Cell Division Phase:
Chromosomes line up of along equatorial plate.

A

Metaphase

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23
Q

Cell Division Phase:
Chromosomes attach to spindle fibers and move
toward opposite poles

A

Anaphase

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24
Q

Cell Division Phase:
Each chromatid from separated chromosomes
become the chromatids of daughter cells, and the
nucleus and nuclear membrane reappear.

A

Telophase

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25
Q

Organelles: Boat/sausage-shaped organelle which is long regarded as powerhouse of the cell

A

Mitochondrion

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26
Q

Organelles: Produces energy in the form of ATP through Kreb’s Cycle/Citric/Tricarboxylic acid cycle

A

Mitochondrion

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27
Q

Organelles: Contains hydrolytic phagocytic cells/cell capable of engulfing bacteria

A

Lysosome

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28
Q

Organelles: contains oxidative
enzymes for neutralize and destroys foreign agents

A

Peroxisome

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29
Q

Organelle: for protein synthesis for external or
outside the cell

A

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

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30
Q

Organelle: Lipid, Steroid and
Carbohydrate synthesis.

A

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

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31
Q

Organelle: Half moon/cresent-shaped

A

Golgi Apparatus

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32
Q

Organelle: Packaging center of secretory products of Rough ER and Smooth ER prior to release out of cells

A

Golgi Apparatus

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33
Q

Organelle: Protein synthesis for internal use

A

Ribosomes

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34
Q

Organelle: Helps in formation and guides spindle fibers during mitosis and meiosis

A

Centriole

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35
Q

Organelle: Storage of nutrients, proteins, pigments

A

Vacuole

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36
Q

Bones of the: Shoulder Girdle/Thoracic Girdle

A

Scapula, Clavicle, Coracoid

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37
Q

Bones of the: Arm/Brachium

A

Humerus

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38
Q

Bones of the: Forearm/Antebrachium

A

Radius and Ulna

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39
Q

Bones of the: Manus

A

Carpals, Metacarpals, & Phalanges

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40
Q

Bones of the: Pelvic Girdle

A

Os coxae (Ilium, Ischium,
Pubis)

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41
Q

Bones of the: Thigh

A

Femur & Patella

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42
Q

Bones of the: True Leg/Crus

A

Tibia and Fibula

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43
Q

Bones of the: Pes

A

Tarsals, Metatarsals, & Phalanges

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44
Q

Splanchnic Skeleton: also known as baculum, present in dogs

A

Os penis

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45
Q

Splanchnic Skeleton: present in the snout of pigs, square in shape.

A

Os rostri

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46
Q

Splanchnic Skeleton: present in the heart of ox/cattle.

A

Os cordis

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47
Q

Splanchnic Skeleton: rare/abnormal in cats

A

Os clitoris

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48
Q

Splanchnic Skeleton: present in chicken

A

Os entoglossum

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49
Q

blood cells are produced in what bone

A

long bones and flat bones in adults

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50
Q

Inorganic Framework of bones constitutes what %

A

65-70%

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51
Q

Organic Framework of bones constitutes what %

A

30-35%

52
Q

is the deposition of calcium salt, Blood calcium to bone which is stimulated by:

A

Calcitonin

53
Q

What hormone stimulates Bone Mineralization

A

Calcitonin

54
Q

is the withdrawal of calcium salt which is stimulated by:

A

Parathyroid Hormone

55
Q

What hormone stimulates Bone Demineralization

A

Parathyroid Hormone

56
Q

Hormone responsible that increases the calcium in the blood

A

Parathyroid Hormone

57
Q

Hormone responsible that decreases the calcium in the blood

A

Calcitonin

58
Q

outer lining of bone

A

Periosteum

59
Q

inner lining

A

Endosteum

60
Q

a space that contains bone
marrow

A

Medullary

61
Q

hard and heavy bone tissue in the diaphysis.

A

Compact Bone

62
Q

soft spongy bone tissue in the
metaphyseal region.

A

Cancellous bone

63
Q

perforation of opening wherein nutrient enter the bone marrow of long bone.

A

Nutrient Foramen

64
Q

Types of Bone: Acts as levers

A

Long Bones

65
Q

Long Bones Examples

A

Humerus, Femur, Tibia, Fibula, Radius, and Ulna

66
Q

Types of Bone: Has irregular shape

A

Irregular Bones

67
Q

Types of Bone: For support and ligament attachment

A

Irregular Bones

68
Q

Irregular Bones Examples

A

Vertebrae, bones at the base of the skull

69
Q

Types of Bone: Diffuses concussion

A

Short Bones

70
Q

Short Bones Examples

A

Carpals and Tarsals

71
Q

Type of Bone: Present in avian

A

Pneumatic Bones

72
Q

Type of Bone: Hollow bone, air space is present inside

A

Pneumatic Bones

73
Q

Pneumatic Bones Example

A

Humerus, clavicle, and Sternum

74
Q

Type of Bone: Protective and provides large area for muscle
attachment

A

Flat Bones

75
Q

Type of Bone: Dorsoventrally flattened

A

Flat Bones

76
Q

Flat Bones Examples

A

Scapula, Ox coxae

77
Q

Type of Bone: Resembles the shape of sesame seed

A

Sesamoid Bones

78
Q

Bones along longitudinal axis

A

Axial Skeleton

79
Q

bones of the interior and posterior limb

A

Appendicular Skeleton

80
Q

Cranial Bones of the Skull

A

Parietal, Frontal, Temporal, Occipital, Sphenoid, Ethmoid, Interparietal

81
Q

Facial Bones of the Skull

A

Incisive, Maxilla, Nasal, Conchae (Turbinate), Lacrimal, Pterygoid, Palatine, Zygomatic, Mandible, Vomer

82
Q

Paired Cranial Bones

A

Parietal, Frontal, Temporal, Occipital

83
Q

Unpaired Cranial Bones

A

Sphenoid, Ethmoid, Interparietal

84
Q

Paired Facial Bones

A

Incisive, Maxilla, Nasal, Conchae (Turbinate), Lacrimal, Pterygoid, Palatine, Zygomatic, Mandible

85
Q

Unpaired Facial Bones

A

Vomer

86
Q

What are the bones of the Axial Skeleton

A

Skull, Vertebral Column, Ribs, Sternum

87
Q

well developed in avian but
rudimentary in mammals.

A

Coracoid

88
Q

otherwise known as the blade bone.

A

Scapula

89
Q

is a well-developed bone in avian otherwise known as Furcula or the wishbone while in mammals it is known to be
the collarbone.

A

Clavicle

90
Q

It is the bone of the arm

A

Humerus

91
Q

Distal to this is the radius and ulna

A

Humerus

92
Q

It is the bone of the forearm

A

Radius and Ulna

93
Q

Distal to this is the carpals

A

Radius and Ulna

94
Q

Otherwise known as the Os coxae

A

Pelvic Girdle

95
Q

3 bones of Os coxae are the ?

A

ilium, pubis, and ischium

96
Q

It is the bone of the thigh.

A

Femur

97
Q

Ventral to femur is the tibia and fibula.

A

Femur

98
Q

These are the bones of the crus or the true leg of animals which has two bones.

A

Tibia and Fibula

99
Q

Distal to it are the Tarsal, Metatarsals and
phalanges.

A

Tibia and Fibula

100
Q

it is a scroll of bones located inside the maxilla

A

Concha (Turbinates)

101
Q

Also known as the malar or jugal bone

A

Zygomatic

102
Q

which forms the bone of the lower jaw

A

Mandible

103
Q

Caudal aspect articulates with the temporal bone

A

Mandible

104
Q

Segments of the Vertebral Column

A

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, Caudal

105
Q

It is the first cervical bone

A

Atlas

106
Q

There is a presence of fovea dentis

A

Atlas

107
Q

Presence of alar wing

A

Atlas

108
Q

Marked by the odontoid process which articulates with fovea dentis

A

Axis

109
Q

Carpal bones: Proximal row

A

− Radial carpal – scaphoid
− Ulnar carpal – triquetrum
− Accessory carpal – Pisiforme

110
Q

Carpal bones: Distal row

A

− Carpal I - Trapezium
− Carpal II – Trapezoideum
− Carpal III – Os capitatum
− Carpal IV – Os hamatum

111
Q

Tarsal bones: Proximal row

A

− Tibial tarsal – Talus
− Fibular tarsal – Calcaneus
− Central tarsal – Navicular

112
Q

Tarsal bones: Distal row

A

Tarsal I – Os cuneiform mediale
− Tarsal II – Os cuneiform intermedium
− Tarsal III – Os cuneiform laterale
− Tarsal IV – Os cuboideum

113
Q

Radial carpal other term

A

scaphoid

114
Q

Ulnar carpal other term

A

triquetrum

115
Q

Accessory carpal other term

A

Pisiforme

116
Q

Carpal I other term

A

Trapezium

117
Q

Carpal II other term

A

Trapezoideum

118
Q

Carpal III other term

A

Os capitatum

119
Q

Carpal IV other term

A

Os hamatum

120
Q

Tibial tarsal other term

A

Talus

121
Q

Fibular tarsal other term

A

Calcaneus

122
Q

Central tarsal other term

A

Navicular

123
Q

Tarsal I other term

A

Os Cuneiform Mediale

124
Q

Tarsal II other term

A

Os Cuneiform intermedium

125
Q

Tarsal III other term

A

Os Cuneiform laterale

126
Q

Tarsal IV other term

A

Os Cuboideum

ANAT102A (11 decks)

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