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Paramedic Conditions > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

What is COPD
1)Pathophysiology
2)Common symptoms
3) treatment

A

1) umbrella term 4 two conditions - bronchitis + emphysema
Bronchitis - inflammation of bronchi
Emphasema - reduced elasticity of alveoli
2) chest tight, unable to speak in full sentence, low sats sob
3) salbutmol nebuliser - 6 minutes, IP seem to work better

* If discharging check mobility*. Sats change or not

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2
Q

What is asthma
1)Pathophysiology
2)Common symptoms (mild)
3) treatment (mild)

A

1) inflammation of the airway, localised in bronchioles. Causes histamine release - bronchoconstriction and mucus prevent exhalation
2) wheeze, sob, cough, tightness , able to speak in full sentence.
3) tell them to use own inhaler 2 puff every 2 minutes = max 10 + carm + 02 if needed

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3
Q

What is life threatening asthma 🚨🚨
1) sign and symptoms (GHOST πŸ‘»)
2) treatment

A

1) severe asthma symptoms +
G- reduced GCS
H - Hypotension
O- oxygen less than 92%
S - silent chest
T- tiredness ( exhaustion/ poor respiratory effort
C- cyanosis / arrhythmia

Treatment : adrenaline 1:1000, hydrocortisone 100mg, nebuliser. Blue light

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4
Q

What are the signs of severe asthma and treatment plan

A

1) unable to speak in full sentences
Hr : 110+
Rr : 25 +

Treatment: nebuliser (salbutamol )
- salbutamol
- ibpratropiym bromide
- canulate
- hydrocortisone
- salbutamol

Consider 3+ nebs to no effect = pre-Alert

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5
Q

Spontaneous pneumothorax 🚨🚨🚨
1)Pathophysiology
2)Common symptoms
3) treatment

A

1) air in pleura can’t escape - lung collapses
2) unequal chest rise and fall, sob chest pain
Can cause tension pneumothorax - 12 flaps
3) maintain sats, prepare for needle needle Thoracentesis, BLUE LIGHT πŸ”΅

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6
Q

What is a pulmonary embolism
1)Pathophysiology
2)Common symptoms
3) treatment

A

1) a clot that gets stuck in lungs, normally from a DVT
2) pin point chest pain,reduced air entry + normal signs of respiratory distress + ECG changes - S1Q3T3

Causes important DVT, recent surgery, travel or immobile, baby stoppers,
3) any abc concerns = pre alert

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7
Q

What is cystic fibrosis

A
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8
Q

What is the detailed pathophysiology of COPD

A

Inflammation due to smoking asbestos ect - cause white blood cells and shit causes the Protease and anti protease imbalance - breakdown of healthy lung tissue causes

Oxidative stress - causes further antiprotease Imbalance + mucus production

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9
Q

What is chronic bronchitis

A
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10
Q

What is bronchiectasis

A
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11
Q

What are is pneumonia

A
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12
Q

What is anemia

A
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13
Q

What is anaphylaxis ( basic )

A

systemic inflammatatory reaction to an allergens. Whereby multiple reaction occur leading to significant histamine release causing
Bronchospasm + leaky capillarys+ vasodilation leading to spontaneous/Progressively worsening

ABC ISSUES + SKIN issues

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14
Q

What is a tracheostomy

A

An opening at the 2/3rd tracheal ring
A stoma is created and a tube is inserted to aid breathing

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15
Q

What are the main emergency with patient with Tracheostomy or largealostomy

A

Decannulation - removal of full Trachy
Displacement - accidental removal
Blockage ( blood or mucus )

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16
Q

What is a laryngectomy
What does this mean interm of airway

A

Total removal of larynx means a total removal of nose and mouth from the airway circuit they breath directly through neck

17
Q

What are the different parts of a tracheostomy

A

Stoma which is the hole, the outer cannula sits through it securing it to the hole keeping it open, the inner cannula is a secondary safety - not always there( come out via pushin then out or twist.

18
Q

How do you suction an tracheostomy

A

Take out the inner cannula measure it with your suction ( flexy one)

Pre oxygenate = hypoxic procedure

Put in a non fenistrated tube

Place in the suction *β€œupto** 2cm past the inner cannula,

Turn on suction and suction outwards @ 150/200 power

Re-oxgenate

19
Q

How do you deal with patient struggling to breath due to a trachy/ larygenotectomy emergency

A

Remove moist exchanger

Assess patient for signs of respiratory distress ( look- rr, HR، spo2, accessory, cyanosis)
Feel for breath via neck and mouth holes depending

Oxygenate both trachy and mouth nose ( 15L)

Take out inner cannula ( check for blockage and suction)

Deflate cuff is appropriate

Close Tracy with hand ( BVM MOUTH AND NOSE - not in larygeno ) or BVM with Peds BVM/ IGEL the neck hole

20
Q

What are the signs of choking
Mild
Severe/

A

Mild - coughing but able to speak

Severe - can’t speak, ineffective cough

21
Q

How do you assist in clearing obstruction in those with choking
Conscious
Unconscious
When should you convey

A

Conscious - back blows then abdomen thrust ( check after each one )

Unconscious ( lygenoscope and magils )

In both patient if they feel something stuck in throat after patency - convay

22
Q

What is plural effusion
1) pathophysiology
2) command symptoms
3) treatment

A

1) fluid enters the plural space = compression and pluritis or secondary to pluritis, infection, HF,

2) sharp stabbing pain on deep breathing, but sob, dullness of percussion, reduced breath sounds

3) any ABC probs = prealert otherwise convey

23
Q

What is the management for Life -Threatning Asthma

A

Quick assessment of ABC + SKIN + BASIC HISTORY

  • salbutamol nebuliser (if appropriate)
  • oxygenation is key
  • adrenaline 1:1000
  • canulate bilateral
  • hydrocortisone
  • ibratropium neb (if appropriate)

PRE -ALERT

24
Q

What are the risk factor for life-threatening asthma or asthmatic death

A
  • brittle asthma
  • ICU admission
  • previous life threatening asthma
  • anaphylaxis
25
Q

What is a condition that can mimic anaphylaxis
- how did you manage it

A

Acute angioedema
- treat as anaphylaxis

26
Q

Why is it dangerous to give prolonged high flow oxygen to ( COPD patient)
- what is the pathophysiology behind this phenomenon

A
27
Q

What is hypercapnia drive
- pathophysiology of hypercapnic drive
- why may giving high flow 02 causes death/ acidosis/ coma in COPD patients

A
  • whereby PT no longer rely on high carbon as a need to breath rather low O2

2) physiological changes in lungs = detected by baroreceptor, increases RR ( overtime receptor silenced)
Peripheral receptors ( PH+ CARBON/02) - react to decreasing PH = produces bicarb = homeostasis = long term changes = body is acclimated to high carbon in the body = every time O2 level low body breaths rather than co2 levels high.

  • high flow 02 = drop in pheripral receptor drive = lower RR, increases carbon = sudden increase in acid

High flow 02 = redistribution of blood to anatomical dead spaces = poor poor ventilation to blood ratio

High flow 02 = haldaine effect = body had lower affinely to co3 than 02 = drop the co2 for 02 = increased carbon in body

28
Q

What questions should you ask PT with asthma

A

Amount of inhaler - over 2= should go for review

  • exercise tolerance
  • how are they before bed/morning / wake up during night = sob
  • spacer ( important meds actually to lung not coating mouth and throat

Paramedic Conditions (16 decks)

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