Respiratory

Question 1

What is COPD
1)Pathophysiology
2)Common symptoms
3) treatment

Answer 1

1) umbrella term 4 two conditions - bronchitis + emphysema
Bronchitis - inflammation of bronchi
Emphasema - reduced elasticity of alveoli
2) chest tight, unable to speak in full sentence, low sats sob
3) salbutmol nebuliser - 6 minutes, IP seem to work better

* If discharging check mobility*. Sats change or not

Question 2

What is asthma
1)Pathophysiology
2)Common symptoms (mild)
3) treatment (mild)

Answer 2

1) inflammation of the airway, localised in bronchioles. Causes histamine release - bronchoconstriction and mucus
2) wheeze, sob, cough, tightness , able to speak in full sentence.
3) tell them to use own inhaler 2 puff every 2 minutes = max 10 + carm + 02 if needed

Question 3

What is life threatening asthma 🚨🚨
1) sign and symptoms (GHOST 👻)
2) treatment

Answer 3

1) severe asthma symptoms +
G- reduced GCS
H - Hypotension
O- oxygen less than 92%
S - silent chest
T- tiredness ( exhaustion/ poor respiratory effort
C- cyanosis / arrhythmia

Treatment : adrenaline 1:1000, hydrocortisone 100mg, nebuliser. Blue light

Question 4

What are the signs of severe asthma and treatment

Answer 4

1) unable to speak in full sentences
Hr : 110+
Rr : 25 +

Treatment: nebuliser

Question 5

Spontaneous pneumothorax 🚨🚨🚨
1)Pathophysiology
2)Common symptoms
3) treatment

Answer 5

1) air in pleura can’t escape - lung collapses
2) unequal chest rise and fall, sob chest pain
Can cause tension pneumothorax - 12 flaps
3) maintain sats, prepare for needle needle Thoracentesis, BLUE LIGHT 🔵

Question 6

What is a pulmonary embolism
1)Pathophysiology
2)Common symptoms
3) treatment

Answer 6

1) a clot that gets stuck in lungs, normally from a DVT
2) pin point chest pain,reduced air entry + normal signs of respiratory distress + ECG changes - S1Q3T3

Causes important DVT, recent surgery, travel or immobile, baby stoppers,
3) any abc concerns = pre alert

Question 7

What is cystic fibrosis

Question 8

What is the detailed pathophysiology of COPD

Answer 8

Inflammation due to smoking asbestos ect - cause white blood cells and shit causes the Protease and anti protease imbalance - breakdown of healthy lung tissue causes

Oxidative stress - causes further antiprotease Imbalance + mucus production

Question 9

What is chronic bronchitis

Question 10

What is bronchiectasis

Question 11

What are is pneumonia

Question 12

What is anemia

Question 13

What is anaphylaxis