Neuro Flashcards
What are strokes
1)Pathophysiology (what are 3 main types)
2)Common symptoms
3) treatment
Two main types of strokes with an additional
Cerebral vascular accident
Transit steam attack
Brain bleed-subarachnoid hemorrhage
Embolonic, athletic sclerosis, brain bleed- all results in disruption of blood flow to the brain-. Causing ischemia
2) fast aVVV
3) FIVER WINDOW STROKE CENTRE
Call stroke nurse if fast positive + convoy either stroke centre or local dependant on conversation
What are the main different types groups of epileptic seizure
1) examples of each group
1)Generalised seizures or 2) focal seizures
1) Tonic clonic MyoClonic Absence ect
2) simple focal or complex partial seizures
What is PNES (pyogenic non epileptic seizures)
1)Pathophysiology
2)Common symptoms
3) treatment
Lack of electricaln abnormalities rather a reaction to physiological of phycological stresses
Micceglss
Mouth closed - lack of tongue biting
Intense - fluctuating
Curveture - neck and spine
Cyanosis - lack of
Eyes - closed+ pupils pearl
GCS - higher ( hear or grip hand )
Tremors - rather than shock like movement
Intensity fluwuating
Reassurance and time and treat ABC
What is bells- palsy
1)Pathophysiology
2)Common symptoms
3) treatment
Unilateral paralysis of the face due to damage to the facial nerve normally due to virus
2) absence of nasolabial fold
Droop of mouth and eye
Dryness of eye and mouth of effected side
Loss of taste to 2/3 of anterior tongue
3) gets better by itself or with corizone steroids + give stroke nurse a call
What is meningitis
1)Pathophysiology
2)Common symptoms
3) treatment
Bacterial or viral infection that affects the meninges ( Dura pia arachnoid )
2) photophobia, neck stiffness ( bruvinski sign ) non blanchibg rash, mottled )
3) benzopencillin - prealert
What is a TIA
1)Pathophysiology
2)Common symptoms
3) treatment
TIA (transient ischemic attack) is a temporary blockage causing ischemia last less than 24 hours
2) same as stroke - fast
3) treat as stroke call stroke nurse combat to stroke center or to nearest A&E - why = as you can’t wait for 24 hours
Obstructive Stroke (CVA) have two different causes
What are they
Embolonic - plaque it clot from the body travel to the brain causing blockage
Thrombotic - clots or plaque forms in the brain causing blockage
What is are the main 2 risk factor for CVA & why
Atrial fibrillation - as it caused a circulation ot blood pool in the atrium causing clots that can move
- hypertension as it causes excess pressure on vessel - only so much till it explodes
Anticoagulant + head injury = clot or excess bleeding
What is the basic test for a stroke
- what is the time window for thrombosis
Fast
F - face ( droop )
A- arms ( strength - weakness)
Speech - ( slurred)
T- time ( onset) - 5 hour window
Within 5 hour alert to stroke centre 🚨🚨
What is a berry aneurysm
A bulge in the blood vessel that supplys the brain with blood - will be non symptomatic - will only cause problems if ruptured = subarachnoid hemmorage
What is a tonic clonic seizure (gran mal)
- symptoms
Stiffness (tonic) followed by shaking (Clonic)
- incontinence
- tongue biting
- full body shaking
- cyanosis
What is temporal arthritis
Inflammation and swelling of the arteries on the sides of the head.
- severe headache
- scalp tenderness
- jaw pain
- blurred vision
What is a migraine
What is a tension headache
What is a sinus headache
What is a cluster headache
What is a subarachnoid hemorrhage
What is a space occupying legion
What is carotid dissection
What is a focal seizure
2) what’s the difference between complex and partial seizures
3)bonus points what may focal seizures become ….
A seizure tha affect one hemisphere of the brain
2) complex = reduced awareness, simple = awareness commonly as a aura
3) focal seizures may intricate to generalised seizures
What is guillain-barré syndrome
- pathophysiology
- command symptoms
- test 2 complete
Inflammation of pheriphal nerves leading to axon damage or demynation
What is lewy body dementia
1) pathophysiology
2) sign and symptoms
What is cerebral palsy
What is a syncope
What are the characteristics associated with Syncopy ( general )
Syncope is when there is a temporary lack of blood supply to the brain resulting in a LOC ( loss of consciousness)
2) fast onset
Spontaneous recovery
Short duration