Cardiovascular Flashcards
What is an Mi ( myocardial infarction)
Pathophysiology + Common symptoms
Stemi + nstemi
Pathophysiology - partial awful occlusion of the conrieties
Chest pain
Pain radiation to the back arms jaw or indigestion pain
Doesn’t work in on movement
What is pericarditis
Pathophysiology + Common symptoms + treatment
Inflammation / bacteria affecting the sack surrounding the heart
2) Global st elevation with pr depression, pain elevates on forward movement but worsen on breathing
What is angina (stable )
1)Pathophysiology
2)Common symptoms
3) treatment
1)Plaque in the cononary artery ( causes a slight blockage ) causes lack of blood flow due to decreased diameter of artery BUT no heart damage
2) onset on excretion and relive at rest
Non radiating, no st elevation
3) GTN if indicators met
What is angina (unstable)
1)Pathophysiology
2)Common symptoms
3) treatment
1) placque lining the cononary arteries
The fibre ruptures
causes sudden reduction in blood flow
No necrosis
2) comes on @ random, radiating, no st elevation, no troponin
3 ) ACS bundle + convayance to ed
What is ACS stand for
What condition come under acs
1) acute coronary syndrome
2)STEMI, NON STEMI, UNSTABLE angina
Non stable removed
What is an NSTEMI🚨🚨🚨
partial occlusion of a cononary artery thus ischemia & some CARDIAC DEATH
May show elevated q waves and st depression
Confirmed by troponin testing
What is a STEMI 🚨🚨🚨
full occlusion of the coronary
Show ST elevation on ECG
must meet PPCI Criteria
What are the sign and symptoms of a stemi / nSTEMI🚨🚨🚨🚨
Sob
Chest pain - radiating to arm/ jaw
Sweaty - diaphoresis
Nausea and vomiting
Indigestion
Pathophysiology of STEMI /NSTEMI/ MI
Blockage to heart
ischaemia felt by the heart cells
Pain
What are the 12 lead ECG boxes stand for ( lead views)
Lateral - L1 avl v5 V6
Inferior - L2, L3 avf
Septal - v1, V2
Anterior- v3, v4
Non - avr
What is PPCI criteria for STEMI 🚨🚨
Limb lead - 2+ lead with elevation in 1 small box plus
Chest lead - 2+ lead with elevation in 2 small boxes plus
What should be suspected if st depression is seen in the inferior lead
1) inferior lead cover what
2) suspected is
3) test we can conduct
1) L2 L3 AVF
2) posterior MI
3) V7, V8 ,V9 - if at elevation seen in those lead then confirmed posterior mi
What test should be conducted if ST elevation is seen in the inferior lead
1) what are inferior leads
2) answer to question
3) why - what does this now mean we can’t ….
1) L2, L3 , AVF
2) V4R , take v4 and place on right side same spot.
3) if ST elevation see this mean right sided involvement (RMCA) therefore don’t give GTN due to high risk of bp drop therefore cardiac arrest
What drug should be given to patients experiencing an MI 🚨🚨🚨
GTN , ASPIRIN AND MORPHINE
What is heart failure (basic)
1) pathophysiology
2) sign and symptoms
3) treatment
1) ineffective of heart to pump blood leading to poor pressure - blood water seeps out of blood into tissue
2) sob, putting odema, bubbling in lungs
3) sit up, fursomide, GTN
1) what is chronic heart failure
2) types of heart failure and where is the back up.
3) symptoms
1)heart has fatigued over time or has a mechanical problem - to compensate for lack of blood flow - speed up = less time to fill = congestion
2) left - back into lungs ( crackles in lungs )
right - backs into normal circulation ( odema sacral/ legs / raised JVD.
3) sob, chest pain, fatigue, odema, crackles, JVD
What are two sign that are worrying with heart failure patients
1) orthostatic - sob on lighting flat
2) waking up in the night due to sob
What is acute heart failure
Acute heart failure
Sudden sob or increase due to pulmonary odema
Sudden increase in peripheral odema
When should you consider transfer to urgent care in heart failure
PT. - rr above 25 or sats below 90 ( ? Gtn / furmide ) if PT is showing cardiogrnic shock - Bp below 90 - pre alert 🚨
Heart failure can be commonly mistaken for pneumonia or COPD - what should u look for
Sleep - sitting up due to dysponia
Phutum - pink and frothy
What is cardiac hypertrophic myopathy
Genetic condition causing thicking of the heart muscle
What is cardiac hypertrophy
Thickening of the heart muscle
Causes - anything that makes it work harder
Hypertension
Narrow valve
Athletics ( intense )
What is myocarditis
Pathophysiology + Common symptoms + treatment
1)Inflammation off the muscle part of the heart
What is endocarditis
Pathophysiology + Common symptoms + treatment
1) bacterial infection of the inner lying of the heart or valves
What is hypercalcaemia
Build-up of calcium in the blood
Symptoms of headaches
increased urination and thirst palpitations
confusion
D&V
What is hypercalcaemia
Build-up of calcium in the blood
Symptoms of headaches
increased urination and thirst palpitations
confusion
D&V
What is chest pleurisy
1) pathophysiology
2) command symptoms
3) causes
1) inflammation of the visual/ parental plura
2) sharp stabbing chest pain, worsen on breathing coughing + hear plural rub on auscultation
3) caused by COPD exaccibation, pericarditis, infection, pe, plural effusion
What is gastric reflux (GORD)
1) Pathophysiology
2) command symptoms
1) backflow of acid due to reduced functionality of cardiac spincter = osphogeal irritation
2) angina/ Heartburn feeling, acidy taste in mouth/breath, worse after lying or eating
What are the 4 different types of patients in heart failure - though assessment
Warm and wet
Cold and wet
Warm and dry
Cold and dry
What are the signs of Becks Triad
What is the signs for
Hypotension
JVd
Muffled heart sounds
Cardiac tamponade
What is an aorta dissection
1) pathophysiology
2) command symptoms
3) treatment
1) rupture of inner layer of aorta = blood leaks into 2nd layer = fake lumen
2) chest, abdo, back Sudden Pain, hypertension or hypotension (late sign), absent/ unsymmetrical radials, significant drop to bilateral BPS,
3) O2, TXA, PADS, PAIN RELIEF, fluids 90mmgh systolic, pre-alert 🚨🚨🚨🚨
