Respiratory Flashcards
Function of The respiratory system
- Breath in the air from the environment.
- Transfer oxygen into the blood.
- Remove carbon dioxide from the blood.
- Return air back to the environment.
- Create speech ( as air is moved out over the larynx )
The pathway of air from the environment to the lungs.
- NOSE & MOUTH - air is breathed in through the nose & mouth
2 . PHARYNX- air passes through the throat
- LARYNX - – air passes over the larynx ( or voicebox ).
- Air travels down the TRACHEA (or windpipe
- Air branches into the LEFT BRONCHUS & RIGHT BRONCHUS.
- The bronchi divide into smaller BRONCHIOLES.
- At the end of the bronchioles are the ALVEOLI ( tiny air sacs ) where the transfer of gases takes place.
What is happening to the body/lungs when we INHALE?
THE MECHANICS OF BREATHING
( breathing in ) INSPIRATION
The DIAPHRAGM muscle contracts & flattens, whilst the INTERCOSTAL muscles raise the thorax and sternum out.
Extra point to help:
Breath IN- Diaphragm down
OUT- Diaphragm up
What is happening to the body/lungs when we EXHALE?
THE MECHANICS OF BREATHING
( breathing out) EXPIRATION :
The DIAPHRAGM muscle relaxes and forms a dome shape, whilst the INTERCOSTAL muscles relax to lower thorax and sternum in.
Extra point to help:
Breath IN- Diaphragm down
OUT- Diaphragm up
What is GASEOUS EXCHANGE and why does it occur
Gaseous exchange occurs because of differences in concentration or pressure levels.
Gases will always move from an area of high concentration or pressure to an area of low concentration or pressure.
- GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Alveoli—— Capillaries
When air is breathed in and arrives at the ALVEOLI it has a HIGH CONCENTRATION of oxygen.
The CAPILLARIES surrounding the alveoli have blood with a LOW CONCENTRATION of oxygen.
Therefore oxygen will diffuse from the alveoli into the capillaries and COMBINE with haemoglobin in the red blood cells.
- GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Capillaries—– Muscle tissue
When oxygenated blood arrives at the muscle it has a HIGH concentration of oxygen.
The working muscle has a LOW concentration of oxygen.
Therefore oxygen will diffuse from the CAPILLARIES into the MUSCLE CELLS.
- GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Muscle tissue —– Capillaries
The WORKING muscles will produce a waste product called carbon-dioxide
(CO2 )
The working muscle builds up a high concentration of CO2.
Therefore CO2 will diffuse from the MUSCLE into the CAPILLARIES.
(only about 20 % of CO2 is carried by the haemoglobin – the rest is dissolved in the plasma or in the form of a bicarbonate ion )
- GASEOUS EXCHANGE
Capillaries—- Alveoli
The blood arriving back at the lungs has a HIGH CONCENTRATION of C02
The alveoli have a LOW CONCENTRATION of CO2.
Therefore CO2 will diffuse from the capillaries into the alveoli so it can be breathed out.
2 types of diffusion under Gaseous Exchange
PULMONARY DIFFUSION
The process described by the exchange of gases in the lungs.
EXCHANGE OF GASES AT THE MUSCLE CELL SITE
This occurs at the muscle site
Know how to label the lungs and the pathway of air from when we breathe in
LUNG VOLUMES and how their measured.
1. v
2. r
3.v
4. t
- VENTILATION - The amount of air breathed in and out in one minute.
V= TV X RR - RESPIRATORY RATE - The amount of breaths per minute
- VITAL CAPACITY– the max amount of air that can be breathed out after a max inspiration.
- TIDAL VOLUME – the amount of air breathed in and out with each breath.
LUNG VOLUMES and how their measured.
5. I
6. E
7.R
8.T
- INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME – the max amount of air that can be breathed in on top of a normal inspiration.
- EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME – the max amount of air that can be breathed out after a normal expiration.
- RESIDUAL VOLUME – the amount left in the lungs after a max forced expiration.
- TOTAL LUNG CAPACITY – residual volume plus vital capacity.
(left in lungs after max expiration + amount breathed out after max inspiration)
