Energy systems Flashcards
How do we get fuel for energy?
- food, provides the energy we need
- nutrients in food (CHO, Fats & Protein) are used to manufacture ATP
- ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) is responsible for all muscular work
What is ATP and why do we need it?
ATP is a molecule in cells that stores energy from food. It releases this energy to power cell activities like movement and growth.
ATP needs to break down in order to provide us with energy to perform work.
When ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) breaks down we are left with ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate)
ADP must be re-made or resynthesised back to ATP in order for work to continue
ATP – PC SYSTEM ( ANAEROBIC )
Eg. sprint
0-10
The ATP – PC/CP system is used for explosive MAXIMAL activity of a very short duration – it reaches its peak power after about 4-5 seconds.
It is the quickest and simplest energy pathway (simple chemical reactions).
The Anaerobic Glycolysis System
Eg. 400 m run or 100 m swim
10-90s
This system is also anaerobic - meaning the intensity of exercise is too high for adequate oxygen delivery
The end product of this system is lactic acid. This process produces hydrogen ions (H+) that cause fatigue
Used for repeated or extended high intensity activities
The Aerobic System
Eg. triathlon. 500m swim, 4k run/ 1 k run.
90-2hrs
This system is used when the body has had sufficient time to adjust to the demands of the exercise (provided it is not high-intensity). It is also used when at rest (or passive exercise eg static stretching).
Used for submaximal activity requiring aerobic capacity or muscular endurance (under maximal exertion)
The constant supply of Oxygen means muscles can work hard but not flat out.
At rest/ short duration/ high intensity and prolonged exercise, what is the main fuel source?
ATP-PC system.
What is the main food fuel? How is it stored? Where is it stored?
The ATP-PC system primarily uses the breakdown of phosphocreatine (PC) as its main fuel.
Storage Form: Phosphocreatine (PC).
Storage Location: Stored in the muscles.
ANAEROBIC GLYCOLYSIS system:
What is the main food fuel? How is it stored? Where is it stored?
Main Food Fuel: Glucose.
Storage Form: Stored as glycogen.
Storage Location: Glycogen is stored in the muscles and the liver.
Uses glycogen broken down to glucose to produce AT
aerobic system:
What is the main food fuel? How is it stored? Where is it stored?
The aerobic system mainly uses carbohydrates and fats for fuel:
Carbohydrates
Fuel: Glycogen
Storage:
Muscles: For local energy use.
Liver: To maintain blood glucose levels.
In the presence of oxygen, CHO (glycogen) and Fats (free fatty acids) are broken down to produce large quantities of ATP
For each of the 3 energy systems: What is the duration of the energy system? When is it dominant?
MAX effort = very short duration
( 0-10s) ( sprinting, heavy lifting)
HIGH effort = short duration ( 10-90s)
( 400 metre run, 100 m swim)
LOW effort = Very long duration ( 90s- 2hrs) ( traithalon)
Recovery rate
1. 3 mins
2. 20-60 mins
3. 1-3 days
.
ATP-PC :
How does the system resynthesis ATP from ADP
The ATP-PC system quickly resynthesizes ATP by using phosphocreatine (PC) to donate a phosphate to ADP.
Anaerobic Glycolysis System:
How does the system resynthesis ATP from ADP
The anaerobic glycolysis system resynthesizes ATP from ADP by breaking down glucose into pyruvate, producing ATP in the process. This occurs without oxygen and generates lactic acid as a byproduct.
Aerobic system:
How does the system resynthesis ATP from ADP
The aerobic system resynthesizes ATP from ADP by breaking down glucose and fats with oxygen through glycolysis,
ATP-PC :
The power (speed) of ATP produced
The ATP-PC system produces ATP very quickly, providing immediate energy for short bursts of high-intensity activity.
Anaerobic Glycolysis System:
The power (speed) of ATP produced
The anaerobic glycolysis system produces ATP at a moderate speed, providing energy for activities of moderate intensity and duration
