Muscular system

Question 1

What is the role of muscles in the body?

Answer 1

• Enables us to move our body parts
• Gives us individual shape
• Protect and keep our skeletal system in place
• Enables us to maintain good posture
• Help in the circulation of the blood
• Generate body heat when the muscles contract

Question 2

What is the function/ appearance and function of the 3 different types of muscle in the
body?

Answer 2

• skeletal- the muscle attached to bones
• smooth- organs and stomach
• cardiac- contracts the heart to pump blood.

Question 3

What is reciprocal inhibition? Be able to explain.

Answer 3

Paired movement in muscles is called reciprocal inhibition. where one muscle shortens and its opposing muscle lengthens.
Using an Agonist and antagonist

Question 4

What is an agonist and antagonist?

Answer 4

• The muscle that creates the movement is called the
  Agonist or prime mover = agony because it is working.

agonist is the shorter muscle ( contracting)

• While the muscle that relaxes to allow movement to occur is
  called the antagonist. This is the longer muscle ( stretched)

eg. bicep curl
bicep is agonist
tricep is antagonist

Question 5

What is the difference between cartilage, tendons and ligaments?

Answer 5

A tendon is a band of tissue that connects muscle to bone.

A ligament is an elastic band of tissue that connects bone to bone and provides stability to the joint.

Cartilage is soft, gel-like padding between bones that protects joints and facilitates movement

Cartilage: is smooth, slightly elastic tissue found in
various forms within the body.

Tendons: attach muscle to bones

Ligaments: cross over joints, joining bone to bone

Question 6

Be able to label the muscles in the body.

Answer 6

deltoid- near shoulder
Biceps
Trapeziums- upper back
latisummis dorsi- lower back
Rectus abdominous

Question 7

What are the major muscles and their major movement?

Answer 7

Biceps- elbow flexion, (the angle gets shorter)

quadriceps- Hip flexion/knee extension

Deltoid- shoulder abduction

Pectorals- shoulder flexion

Question 8

What are the 3 different types of muscle contractions? Be able to explain each type
and provide examples in sport.

Answer 8

• Isotonic - the muscle length changes during contraction:

CONCENTRIC- The muscle length shortens ( bicep curl UP)

• ECCENTRIC- the muscle length increases ( bicep curl- DOWN)
• Isometric - The muscle length remains unchanged ( eg. plank, wall sit)
• Isokinetic - The resistance changes according to joint angle, it is movement at a constant speed ( requires special machines which allow maximum contractions through the full range of movement.

Question 9

Isotonic

Answer 9

the muscle length changes during contraction:

Question 10

CONCENTRIC-

Answer 10

The muscle length shortens ( bicep curl UP)

Question 11

ECCENTRIC

Answer 11

the muscle length increases ( bicep curl- DOWN)

Question 12

Isometric -

Answer 12

The muscle length remains unchanged ( eg. plank, wall sit)

Question 13

Isokinetic -

Answer 13

The resistance changes according to joint angle, it is movement at a constant speed ( requires special machines which allow maximum contractions through the full range of movement.