Cardiovascular system Flashcards
What are 3 functions of the Cardiovascular system?
- Circulate blood.
- Bring O2 , water & nutrients to the cells.
- Take CO2 & other wastes away from the cells.
- Maintain body temp & hydration.
Fight disease
Know how to label the heart and the direction of deoxygenated blood and oxygenated
blood
The right side pumps deoxygenated. blood (low in oxygen and high in carbon dioxide) to the lungs. The left side pumps oxygenated. blood (high in oxygen and low in carbon dioxide) to the organs of the body.
When heart contracts, blood is forced out
When heart relaxes, blood fills in
Veins = no oxygen Arteries = oxygen
Valves prevent backflow
Label heart
What is the role of the different heart structures? Eg, Aorta, Vena cava
Vena carta- Deoxygenated blood from the body enters through the vena Carta on the right side of the heart to get into the right atrium.
( BLUE SIDE)
Aorta- is on the left side of the heart which deals with oxygenated blood that comes from the lungs so that it can be carried through the body. when it enters the pulmonary veins it is carried through the heart and exits through the Aorta.
What is the difference between the right and left side of the heart?
The right side receives deoxygenated blood from your veins and pumps it to your lungs, where the blood picks up oxygen and gets rid of carbon dioxide.
The left side of your heart receives oxygen-rich blood from your lungs and pumps it through your arteries to the rest of your body
What is the role of arteries, capillaries and veins?
These are called blood vessels
ARTERIES - carry blood ( oxygenated) away from the heart (red in appearance) A for AWAY
VEINS – carry blood ( deoxygenated) back to the heart. (blue in appearance)
CAPILLARIES – allow the exchange of gases, nutrients & wastes between the blood and the tissues.
What is the role of blood in the human body? What is blood made up of and what are
their roles?
Role/ functions of blood?
- Transport of gases, nutrients, wastes.
- Fighting infection.
- Regulation of temperature and hydration.
Made up of?
- 55% of blood volume is PLASMA – a yellowy liquid containing water ( 90% ) , wastes & hormones.
45% of blood volume is the blood cells :
Their role ?
RED BLOOD CELLS – contain haemoglobin which carries the oxygen
WHITE BLOOD CELLS – fight infection
PLATELETS – responsible for blood clotting.
What is the difference between Stroke volume (SV) and Cardiac output (Q)?
Stroke volume (SV): the amount of blood pumped by EACH BEAT of the heart.
As an individual gets fitter, SV increases from approx. 70ml/beat to 100mL/beat.
Cardiac Output (Q): the amount of blood pumped by the heart PER MINUTE, measured in litres per minute (L/min).
It is calculated by multiplying (HR) X (SV)= Q
eg: 72bpm X 70 (ml/beat)= 5.04 L/min
What is the difference between systolic blood pressure and systolic blood pressure?
SYSTOLIC blood pressure is the highest pressure, and is the pressure on the arteries as the left ventricle contracts. ( 120 mmhg at rest )
DIASTOLIC blood pressure is the lowest pressure, and is the pressure on the arteries as the left ventricle relaxes. ( 80 mmhg at rest )
What are 3 acute cardiovascular responses to exercise?
- Increased heart rate ( beats per minute )
- Increased stroke volume ( blood per beat )
- Increased blood flow to working muscles
Blood pathway right to left.
right side - Deoxygenated blood
Right atrium —-> Tricuspid Valve—> Right ventricle—> Pulmonary valve—> Pulmonary artery—>LUNGS
Left side- Oxygenated Blood
From the LUNGS the gets oxygen to
Pulmonary vein—> left atrium—> Mitral Valve—> Left ventricle—>Aortic Valve—> Aortas
BLOOD PRESSURe
Blood pressure is the reason why blood circulates.
Blood will always flow from an area of high pressure to one of low pressure.
