Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Part 1 Physiology > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Poiselles law

A

Airway inversely proportional to radius to the power of 4

Flow proportional to pressure gradient and radius

Flow inversely proportional to viscosity and length

However many more small airways so overall resistance less in bronchioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Measured by spirometry

A

Tidal volume and vital capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Measuring residual volume

A

Helium dilution
Nitrogen washout
Body plethysmography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Measuring dead space

A

Fowler single breath nitrogen - anatomical dead space
Bohr - physiological art co2 minus expired co2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Compliance

A

Volume change (L) / pressure change (cmH2O)

Max at mid insp - 200ml/cm h2o
Greater compliance at base

Measured exp

2/3 due to surface tension alveoli, 1/3 elastin and collagen

Hysteresis - different compliance insp and exp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Increased and decreases compliance

A

Increase - surfactant, age, emphysema
Decrease - oedema, fibrosis, pulmonaru venous hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Pulmonary pressure

A

15mmhg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Lung metabolises

A

Surfactant
Synth - pg, histamine
Removes from blood - seratonin, pg, norad, bradykinin, ach
Activates - angiotensin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Po2 and sats

A

27.5mmhg - 50 %
40 - 75
60 - 90
90 - 98

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

bohr effect

A

Decrease o2 affinity of hb when pH falls
(Curve to right)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Causes oxygen dissociation curve to right

A

Harder for O2 to bind
Increased heat, co2 and 23 dpg
Decreased pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Haldane effect

A

Decreased affinity for co2 on hb when oxygen attached
Deoxyhb increased affinity co2 therefore more in venous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Ficks law

A

Passive Diffusion of gas across membrane dependant on:
Thickness
Area
Pressure gradient
Diffusion constant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Henrys law

A

Amount of gas dissolved in liquid directly proportional to its partial pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

CO

A

Shifts curve to the left
240 x affinity hb than 02

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

V/Q

A

Normally 0.8
4/5
Lower at bottom due to more blood flow

17
Q

Brain breathing centres

A

Pneumotaxic (inhib) and apneustic in pons
In medulla:
Pre BÖTC pace maker to phrenic
Drg insp
Vrg exp (DIVE)

18
Q

Chemoreceptors for breathing

A

Ventral medulla to inc co2 tension and H (H+ most important)
Aortic and cortid bodies same plus hypoxia
Aortic via x to medulla
Carotid via sinus and IX to medulla

19
Q

Respiratory quotient

A

Co2 released/ o2 consumed
Carbs 1
Brain 0.97
Fat 0.7

20
Q

Altitude pO2

A

0.21(mmhg-47)

21
Q

Long term changes at altitude

A

Decreased bicarb (renal excretion)
Low PaCO2
Increased pulm art pressure
Increased alveolar vent

22
Q

Diffusion vs perfusion limited

A

Diffusion CO and CO2 unable to fully transfer in time blood flows through
Perfusiom limited O2 and NO saturate within 0.75s

23
Q

La place law

A

Pressure = 2*surface tension/radius
In Alveoli pressure reduced when surface tension reduced with surfactant

24
Q

Age and lung function

A

Reduced elastic more air trapped - increased compliance, RV and FRC
Air trapping decreased FEV1
Vq mismatch decreased paO2 and decreased total capacity

25
Q

Pregnancy changes to breathing

A

Increased TV and minute vent (progest mediated)
Decreased rr, rv and frc

26
Q

CO2 and O2 utilisation

A

CO2 production 200ml/m
O2 consumption 250ml/m

Co2 best marker ventilation (99% excreted lungs)

27
Q

Pulmonary Vasoconstriction and dilation

A

Constriction - hypoxia and serotonin
Relaxation - prostacyclin (prostaglandin I2)

28
Q

Dead space

A

Anatomic 150ml
Functional disease caused
Physiological - added together

29
Q

resp changes excercise

A

pulm blood flow 5.5Lm -> >20
O2 uptake 250ml/m to 4000
CO2 excretion 200 -> 8000

30
Q

Solubility CO2 vs O2

A

x20

31
Q

Carriage of CO2 by law of mass action

A

allows CO2 to combine deoxygenated through buffer H+

32
Q

Oxygen carrying capacity blood

A

Hb x 1.34

33
Q

Expired co2

A

28mmHg

34
Q

Increase CO2 and O2 during excercise

A

Co2 200ml/m to 8000
O2 250 to 4000

35
Q

Factors increasing 2,3 DPG

A

Hypoxia (chronic)
Thyroid hormones
Growth hormones
Androgens

36
Q

Synthesized in lung

A

PGs
Histamine
Kallikrein

37
Q

Affinity hb for CO

A

200x that for oxygen
Shifts dissociation curve to left
Reduces O2 carrying capacity Hb

Part 1 Physiology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions