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HOSA Pathophysiology > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Symptoms of respiratory tract problems

A

Chest pain, dyspnea, cough, hemoptysis, dysphonia, chills, fever, wheezing, fatigue

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2
Q

Common cold/uri

A

Acute inflammation that affects the mucous membrane of the URT

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3
Q

Sinusitis

A

Acute/chronic inflammation of the mucous membranes of the paranasal sinuses

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4
Q

Pharyngitis/sore throat

A

Acute/chronic inflammation/infection of the pharynx

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5
Q

Lymphadenopathy

A

Any disease process affecting a lymph node or nodes

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6
Q

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

A

A cancer that arises from epithelium of the nasopharynx, rare in US, common in southern China, most patients have enlarged cervical lymph nodes, 4 histopathological patterns are seen

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7
Q

Epistaxis

A

Nose bleed

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8
Q

Laryngitis

A

Inflammation of the larynx causes aphonia

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9
Q

Deviated septum

A

Crooked cartilage partition between the nostrils

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10
Q

Nasal polyps

A

Benign growths that form as a consequence of distended mucous membranes protruding into the nasal cavity

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11
Q

Anosmia

A

Loss/impairment of the sense of smell

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11
Q

Tumors of the larynx

A

benign/malignant; , growths or tumors on the larynx, benign or malignant, dysphonia is usually the only symptom of a tumor on the larynx, in children with tumors, a high-pitched stridor is present because of their small airways,

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12
Q

Laryngeal cancer

A

Cancer of the throat is cancer of the vocal chords, voice box (larynx), or other areas of the throat

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13
Q

TNM system

A

Tumor, Node, Metastasis - developed by American Joint Committee on Cancer, system to describe the general anatomic extent of cancers. not useful for leukemia or lymphomas

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14
Q

Hemoptysis

A

Coughing up blood

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14
Q

Exsanguination

A

Loss of blood to the point where life can no longer be sustained

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14
Q

Atelectasis

A

Collapsed lung; incomplete expansion of alveoli

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14
Q

Pulmonary embolism

A

A blood clot that breaks off from a large vein and travels to the blood vessels of the lung, causing obstruction of blood flow

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14
Q

Tachypnea

A

Fast breathing

14
Q

Pneumonia

A

An inflammation of lung tissue, where the alveoli in the affected areas fill with fluid

14
Q

Pulmonary abscess

A

Cavity of contained infectious material in the lung

15
Q

SARS

A

Severe acute respiratory syndrome

16
Q

Legionellosis (legionnaires’ disease and pontiac fever)

A

Form of pneumonia that is caused by the bacterium Legionella pneumophilia

17
Q

Respiratory Syncytial virus pneumonia

A

An inflammatory and infectious condition of the lungs

18
Q

Histoplasmosis

A

Fungal disease originating in the lungs that is caused by inhalation of the dust containing Histoplasma capsulatum

18
Q

Acute/chronic bronchitis

A

Inflammation of the mucous membrane

18
Q

Bronchiectasis

A

A chronic congenital or acquired disease characterized by abnormal dilation of the bronchi and excessive sputum production

19
Q

Asthma

A

A chronic allergic disorder characterized by episodes of severe breathing difficulty, coughing, and wheezing

19
Q

COPD

A

(Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is comprised primarily of three related conditions chronic bronchitis, chronic asthma, and emphysema.
in each condition there is chronic obstruction of the flow of air through the airwaves and out of the lungs and the obstruction
Generally is permanent and may be progressive overtime

19
Q

Pulmonary emphysema

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder characterized by destructive changes in the alveolar walls and irreversible enlargement of alveolar air spaces

20
Q

Rhonchi

A

A whistling or snoring sound heard on auscultation of the chest when air channels are partially obstructed

21
Q

Heptomegaly

A

Abnormal enlargement of the liver

21
Q

Pneumoconiosis

A

Abnormal condition caused by dust in the lungs, with chronic inflammation, infection, and bronchitis

22
Q

Asbestosis

A

Lung disease caused by inhaling asbestos particles

22
Q

Anthracosis

A

Abnormal condition of coal dust in the lungs; black lung disease

23
Q

Silicosis

A

Caused by inhaling silica dust in the lungs and usually occurs after working in occupations including foundry work, quarrying, ceramics, glass work, and sandblasting

24
Q

Pleurisy/itis

A

Inflammation of the membranes surrounding the lungs and lining the pleural cavity

25
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity that results in a collapsed or partially collapsed lung

26
Q

Hemothorax

A

Accumulation of blood an fluid in the pleural cavity

27
Q

Flail chest

A

Condition of instability in the chest wall caused by multiple rib fractures; the sternum also may be fractured

28
Q

Tuberculosis

A

A contagious bacterial infection that involves the lungs, but may spread to other organs

29
Q

Infectious mononucleosis/ Epstein-barr virus infection

A

Glandular fever an acute herspesvirus infection; cause lymphadenopathy and fever; passed through kissing, blood transfusion, organ donation

30
Q

ARDS

A

(Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome) also a sudden onset of severe lung dysfunction affecting both lungs, making breathing extremely difficult.

31
Q

Sarcoidosis

A

A disease that causes inflammation and microscopic nodules called granulomas that affect almost all systems of the body

32
Q

Lung cancer

A

Highly malignant form developing from a constant irritation of chemicals from tobacco or other air born pollutants within the lung.
Obstruction of airways is common. Metastasis to lymph nodes, liver, bone and brain is high. Found in 90% of all smokers. Survival rate is about 7%. Treatment is the removal of lung, radiation and chemotherapy.

HOSA Pathophysiology (10 decks)

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