Respiratory Flashcards
Symptoms of respiratory tract problems
Chest pain, dyspnea, cough, hemoptysis, dysphonia, chills, fever, wheezing, fatigue
Common cold/uri
Acute inflammation that affects the mucous membrane of the URT
Sinusitis
Acute/chronic inflammation of the mucous membranes of the paranasal sinuses
Pharyngitis/sore throat
Acute/chronic inflammation/infection of the pharynx
Lymphadenopathy
Any disease process affecting a lymph node or nodes
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
A cancer that arises from epithelium of the nasopharynx, rare in US, common in southern China, most patients have enlarged cervical lymph nodes, 4 histopathological patterns are seen
Epistaxis
Nose bleed
Laryngitis
Inflammation of the larynx causes aphonia
Deviated septum
Crooked cartilage partition between the nostrils
Nasal polyps
Benign growths that form as a consequence of distended mucous membranes protruding into the nasal cavity
Anosmia
Loss/impairment of the sense of smell
Tumors of the larynx
benign/malignant; , growths or tumors on the larynx, benign or malignant, dysphonia is usually the only symptom of a tumor on the larynx, in children with tumors, a high-pitched stridor is present because of their small airways,
Laryngeal cancer
Cancer of the throat is cancer of the vocal chords, voice box (larynx), or other areas of the throat
TNM system
Tumor, Node, Metastasis - developed by American Joint Committee on Cancer, system to describe the general anatomic extent of cancers. not useful for leukemia or lymphomas
Hemoptysis
Coughing up blood
Exsanguination
Loss of blood to the point where life can no longer be sustained
Atelectasis
Collapsed lung; incomplete expansion of alveoli
Pulmonary embolism
A blood clot that breaks off from a large vein and travels to the blood vessels of the lung, causing obstruction of blood flow
Tachypnea
Fast breathing
Pneumonia
An inflammation of lung tissue, where the alveoli in the affected areas fill with fluid
Pulmonary abscess
Cavity of contained infectious material in the lung
SARS
Severe acute respiratory syndrome
Legionellosis (legionnaires’ disease and pontiac fever)
Form of pneumonia that is caused by the bacterium Legionella pneumophilia
Respiratory Syncytial virus pneumonia
An inflammatory and infectious condition of the lungs
Histoplasmosis
Fungal disease originating in the lungs that is caused by inhalation of the dust containing Histoplasma capsulatum
Acute/chronic bronchitis
Inflammation of the mucous membrane
Bronchiectasis
A chronic congenital or acquired disease characterized by abnormal dilation of the bronchi and excessive sputum production
Asthma
A chronic allergic disorder characterized by episodes of severe breathing difficulty, coughing, and wheezing
COPD
(Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is comprised primarily of three related conditions chronic bronchitis, chronic asthma, and emphysema.
in each condition there is chronic obstruction of the flow of air through the airwaves and out of the lungs and the obstruction
Generally is permanent and may be progressive overtime
Pulmonary emphysema
chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder characterized by destructive changes in the alveolar walls and irreversible enlargement of alveolar air spaces
Rhonchi
A whistling or snoring sound heard on auscultation of the chest when air channels are partially obstructed
Heptomegaly
Abnormal enlargement of the liver
Pneumoconiosis
Abnormal condition caused by dust in the lungs, with chronic inflammation, infection, and bronchitis
Asbestosis
Lung disease caused by inhaling asbestos particles
Anthracosis
Abnormal condition of coal dust in the lungs; black lung disease
Silicosis
Caused by inhaling silica dust in the lungs and usually occurs after working in occupations including foundry work, quarrying, ceramics, glass work, and sandblasting
Pleurisy/itis
Inflammation of the membranes surrounding the lungs and lining the pleural cavity
Pneumothorax
Collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity that results in a collapsed or partially collapsed lung
Hemothorax
Accumulation of blood an fluid in the pleural cavity
Flail chest
Condition of instability in the chest wall caused by multiple rib fractures; the sternum also may be fractured
Tuberculosis
A contagious bacterial infection that involves the lungs, but may spread to other organs
Infectious mononucleosis/ Epstein-barr virus infection
Glandular fever an acute herspesvirus infection; cause lymphadenopathy and fever; passed through kissing, blood transfusion, organ donation
ARDS
(Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome) also a sudden onset of severe lung dysfunction affecting both lungs, making breathing extremely difficult.
Sarcoidosis
A disease that causes inflammation and microscopic nodules called granulomas that affect almost all systems of the body
Lung cancer
Highly malignant form developing from a constant irritation of chemicals from tobacco or other air born pollutants within the lung.
Obstruction of airways is common. Metastasis to lymph nodes, liver, bone and brain is high. Found in 90% of all smokers. Survival rate is about 7%. Treatment is the removal of lung, radiation and chemotherapy.
