Respiratory

Question 1

Symptoms of respiratory tract problems

Answer 1

Chest pain, dyspnea, cough, hemoptysis, dysphonia, chills, fever, wheezing, fatigue

Question 2

Common cold/uri

Answer 2

Acute inflammation that affects the mucous membrane of the URT

Question 3

Sinusitis

Answer 3

Acute/chronic inflammation of the mucous membranes of the paranasal sinuses

Question 4

Pharyngitis/sore throat

Answer 4

Acute/chronic inflammation/infection of the pharynx

Question 5

Lymphadenopathy

Answer 5

Any disease process affecting a lymph node or nodes

Question 6

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Answer 6

A cancer that arises from epithelium of the nasopharynx, rare in US, common in southern China, most patients have enlarged cervical lymph nodes, 4 histopathological patterns are seen

Question 7

Epistaxis

Answer 7

Nose bleed

Question 8

Laryngitis

Answer 8

Inflammation of the larynx causes aphonia

Question 9

Deviated septum

Answer 9

Crooked cartilage partition between the nostrils

Question 10

Nasal polyps

Answer 10

Benign growths that form as a consequence of distended mucous membranes protruding into the nasal cavity

Question 11

Anosmia

Answer 11

Loss/impairment of the sense of smell

Question 11

Tumors of the larynx

Answer 11

benign/malignant; , growths or tumors on the larynx, benign or malignant, dysphonia is usually the only symptom of a tumor on the larynx, in children with tumors, a high-pitched stridor is present because of their small airways,

Question 12

Laryngeal cancer

Answer 12

Cancer of the throat is cancer of the vocal chords, voice box (larynx), or other areas of the throat

Question 13

TNM system

Answer 13

Tumor, Node, Metastasis - developed by American Joint Committee on Cancer, system to describe the general anatomic extent of cancers. not useful for leukemia or lymphomas

Question 14

Hemoptysis

Answer 14

Coughing up blood

Question 14

Exsanguination

Answer 14

Loss of blood to the point where life can no longer be sustained

Question 14

Atelectasis

Answer 14

Collapsed lung; incomplete expansion of alveoli

Question 14

Pulmonary embolism

Answer 14

A blood clot that breaks off from a large vein and travels to the blood vessels of the lung, causing obstruction of blood flow

Question 14

Tachypnea

Answer 14

Fast breathing

Question 14

Pneumonia

Answer 14

An inflammation of lung tissue, where the alveoli in the affected areas fill with fluid

Question 14

Pulmonary abscess

Answer 14

Cavity of contained infectious material in the lung

Question 15

SARS

Answer 15

Severe acute respiratory syndrome

Question 16

Legionellosis (legionnaires’ disease and pontiac fever)

Answer 16

Form of pneumonia that is caused by the bacterium Legionella pneumophilia

Question 17

Respiratory Syncytial virus pneumonia

Answer 17

An inflammatory and infectious condition of the lungs

Question 18

Histoplasmosis

Answer 18

Fungal disease originating in the lungs that is caused by inhalation of the dust containing Histoplasma capsulatum

Question 18

Acute/chronic bronchitis

Answer 18

Inflammation of the mucous membrane

Question 18

Bronchiectasis

Answer 18

A chronic congenital or acquired disease characterized by abnormal dilation of the bronchi and excessive sputum production

Question 19

Asthma

Answer 19

A chronic allergic disorder characterized by episodes of severe breathing difficulty, coughing, and wheezing

Question 19

COPD

Answer 19

(Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is comprised primarily of three related conditions chronic bronchitis, chronic asthma, and emphysema. in each condition there is chronic obstruction of the flow of air through the airwaves and out of the lungs and the obstruction Generally is permanent and may be progressive overtime

Question 19

Pulmonary emphysema

Answer 19

chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder characterized by destructive changes in the alveolar walls and irreversible enlargement of alveolar air spaces

Question 20

Rhonchi

Answer 20

A whistling or snoring sound heard on auscultation of the chest when air channels are partially obstructed

Question 21

Heptomegaly

Answer 21

Abnormal enlargement of the liver

Question 21

Pneumoconiosis

Answer 21

Abnormal condition caused by dust in the lungs, with chronic inflammation, infection, and bronchitis

Question 22

Asbestosis

Answer 22

Lung disease caused by inhaling asbestos particles

Question 22

Anthracosis

Answer 22

Abnormal condition of coal dust in the lungs; black lung disease

Question 23

Silicosis

Answer 23

Caused by inhaling silica dust in the lungs and usually occurs after working in occupations including foundry work, quarrying, ceramics, glass work, and sandblasting

Question 24

Pleurisy/itis

Answer 24

Inflammation of the membranes surrounding the lungs and lining the pleural cavity

Question 25

Pneumothorax

Answer 25

Collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity that results in a collapsed or partially collapsed lung

Question 26

Hemothorax

Answer 26

Accumulation of blood an fluid in the pleural cavity

Question 27

Flail chest

Answer 27

Condition of instability in the chest wall caused by multiple rib fractures; the sternum also may be fractured

Question 28

Tuberculosis

Answer 28

A contagious bacterial infection that involves the lungs, but may spread to other organs

Question 29

Infectious mononucleosis/ Epstein-barr virus infection

Answer 29

Glandular fever an acute herspesvirus infection; cause lymphadenopathy and fever; passed through kissing, blood transfusion, organ donation

Question 30

ARDS

Answer 30

(Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome) also a sudden onset of severe lung dysfunction affecting both lungs, making breathing extremely difficult.

Question 31

Sarcoidosis

Answer 31

A disease that causes inflammation and microscopic nodules called granulomas that affect almost all systems of the body

Question 32

Lung cancer

Answer 32

Highly malignant form developing from a constant irritation of chemicals from tobacco or other air born pollutants within the lung. Obstruction of airways is common. Metastasis to lymph nodes, liver, bone and brain is high. Found in 90% of all smokers. Survival rate is about 7%. Treatment is the removal of lung, radiation and chemotherapy.