Endocrine

Question 1

Precocious Puberty Girls

Answer 1

Onset of puberty before 8

Question 2

Type 3 diabetes (Gestational)

Answer 2

damaged ability to process carbs during pregnancy; caused by destruction of insulin by the placenta

Question 3

Type 1 Diabetes

Answer 3

the type of diabetes in which the pancreas produces no or very little insulin; often diagnosed in childhood, although some cases arise in adulthood. formerly called juvenile-onset or insulin-dependent diabetes

Question 4

Acidosis

Answer 4

increased acidity in the blood
occurs when the blood pH falls below 7.35.

Question 5

hyperglycemia

Answer 5

Condition of increased blood sugar

Question 6

Diabetes insipidus

Answer 6

deficiency in release of ADH; results in extreme thirsts and excessive urine

Question 7

Melatonin

Answer 7

Daily patterns of sleep and wakefulness

Question 8

Progesterone

Answer 8

Maintains endometrium for pregnancy

Question 9

Insulin

Answer 9

Maintains proper blood glucose level

Question 10

Minealocorticoids *aldosterone

Answer 10

Retention of sodium by kidneys; electrolyte / fluid homeostasis

Question 11

Calcition

Answer 11

Retention of calcium and phosphorus in bone

Question 12

Prolactin

Answer 12

Breast development and formation of milk

Question 13

FSH follicle-stimulating

Answer 13

initiates growth of ova; spermatogenesis in testes

Question 13

Precocious Puberty Boys

Answer 13

Development of secondary sexual characteristics before the age of 9

Question 14

Type 2 diabetes

Answer 14

A progressive disorder in which body cells become less responsive to insulin.

Question 15

Pruritus

Answer 15

Intense itching

Question 16

Polyuria

Answer 16

Excessive urination

Question 17

Addison’s disease

Answer 17

adrenal insufficiency (hypoadrenalism); electrolyte imbalance

Question 18

Cushing’s syndrome

Answer 18

hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex, resulting in excessive cortisol levels (causes fatigue, weakness, weight gain)

Question 19

Hyperparathyroidism

Answer 19

overproduction of PTH. increases breakdown of bone form the skeletal system (demineralization)

Question 20

Dysphagia

Answer 20

Difficulty swallowing

Question 21

Thyroid cancer

Answer 21

neoplasm of the thyroid gland; encompasses tumors, lymphoma and metastases from breast, colon, kidney or skin cancers

Question 21

Grave’s disease

Answer 21

hyperthyroidism when the thyroid gland grows resulting in goiter and overproduction of thyroid hormones

Question 22

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

Answer 22

When the immune system attacks the thyroid gland

Question 23

Goiter

Answer 23

Enlargement of the thyroid gland

Question 24

Atrophy

Answer 24

(n.) the wasting away of a body organ or tissue; any progressive decline or failure; (v.) to waste away

Question 25

Glucocorticoids (cortisol)

Answer 25

Regulate metabolism of carbs, proteins and fats

Question 26

ACTH (corticotropin)

Answer 26

Stimulates adrenal cortex to produce glucocorticoids

Question 27

Thyrotropin (TSH)

Answer 27

Stimulates thyroid gland and production of thyroxine

Question 28

Acromegaly

Answer 28

Hypersecretion of GH after puberty

Question 29

Hyperpituitarism

Answer 29

Excessive secretion of one or multiple hormones (often GH). Disorders and symptoms dependant on hormones affected

Question 30

Hypoglycemia

Answer 30

when the blood contains less than the normal amount of sugar; occurs when excessive insulin enters the bloodstream or when the glucose release rate falls below tissue demands

Question 31

Polydipsia

Answer 31

Condition of excessive thirst

Question 32

Polyphagia

Answer 32

Excessive eating

Question 33

Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 33

Caused by a deficiency of insulin or a decreased response to insulin in target tissues

Question 34

Hypoparathyroidism

Answer 34

reduced amounts of PTH. calcium levels decrease resulting in hypocalcemia which in turn can cause over stimulation of the skeletal muscles

Question 35

Myxedema

Answer 35

acquired hypothyroidism in which t4 is reduced

Question 36

Cretinism * congenital

Answer 36

hypothyroidism where thyroid gland is absent or t3/t4 is not produced

Question 37

Dwarfism

Answer 37

Underdevelopment in children caused by hypopituitarism

Question 38

Thymosin

Answer 38

Development of immune cells

Question 38

Estrogen

Answer 38

Female sex characteristics

Question 39

Glucagon

Answer 39

Increases concentration of glucose in blood

Question 39

Epinepherine

Answer 39

Fight or flight response

Question 39

PTH

Answer 39

Elevates calcium level

Question 40

T4 and T3

Answer 40

Regulates rate of cellular metabolism

Question 41

Oxytocin

Answer 41

Uterine contractions; ejection of milk;

Question 42

Vsopressin ADH

Answer 42

water reabsorption by renal tubules

Question 43

MSH

Answer 43

Stimulates skin pigmentation

Question 44

Luteinizing LH

Answer 44

causes ovulation; stimulates ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone; stimulates testosterone development

Question 45

Growth hormone

Answer 45

Promotes bone/tissue growth

Question 46

Hypopituitarism

Answer 46

Condition of diminished hormone secretion from the anterior pituitary gland

Question 47

Gigantism

Answer 47

Abnormal overgrowth of the entire body that is caused by excessive secretion of the growth hormone before puberty