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N211F > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

General survery 8 items

A
  1. v/s
  2. nasal flaring
  3. pursed-lip breathing
  4. skin color (tongue, face, lip)
  5. nail colour & shape
  6. position
  7. voice
  8. use of accessory msucle
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2
Q

Normal & abnormal result of nasal flaring

A

no nasal flaring; presnt may indicate hypoxia

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3
Q

Normal & abnormal result of pursed lip breathing

A

no pursed lip breathing: pursed lip breathing slow down expiration, reduce air trapping

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4
Q

Normal result of skin colour

A

no prominent discolouration

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5
Q

Abnormal result of skin colour

A

purplish colouration may indicate central cyanosis of acute hypoxa

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6
Q

Normal result of nail colour & shape

A

160 degree b/t nail bed & skin
pinkish nail bed colour

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7
Q

Abnormal result of nail colour & shape

A

cyanotic/ pallor colour indicate poor circulation
Clubbing: may indicate chronic hypoxia

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8
Q

Abnormal result of use of accessory msucle

A

use of accessory msucle: tripezius & sternomastoid muscle aid breathing

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9
Q

Normal result of use of accessory muscle

A

without use of accesssory muscle

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10
Q

Normal result of voice quality

A

complete a sentence without pause
without hoarse

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11
Q

Abnormal result of voice quality

A

unable to complete the whole sentence due to breathing issue
hoarseness present

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12
Q

normal result of position

A

relaxed, hands on the laps/ sides, sititng upright, breathing easily

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13
Q

Abnormal result of position

A

tripod position: lean forward, arms used to support weight, lift chest to aid breathing capacity

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14
Q

3 posterior inspection

A
  1. scapula
  2. Anterposterior: Transverse ratio
  3. spinous process
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15
Q

Normal result of scapula inspection

A

symmetric

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16
Q

Normal & abnormal result of spinous process inspection

A

appear stright; deviation indicate scoliosis, may lead to muscle & lung function loss

17
Q

Normal & abnormal result of anterposterior: transverse ratio inspection

A

1:2; 1:1, barrel chest, hyperinflation

18
Q

3 posterior & anterior palpation

A
  1. chest expansion
  2. crepitus
  3. temperature, sensation, tenderness
19
Q

Chest expansion palpation normal result

A

examiner’s hand move symmetrically 5-10cm apart

20
Q

chest expansion palpation abnormal result

A

decreased expansion: may due to COPD
unequal chest expansion: may indicate complication on the affected side

21
Q

Crepitus palpation normal result

A

no palpable crepitus

22
Q

Crepitus palpation abnormal result

A

may indicate air leaks into subcutaneous layer

23
Q

Tenderness, tempeature, sensation palpation normal result

A

no tenderness, no unsual sensation
warm & equl temperature bilaterallly

24
Q

tenderness, temperature, sensation palpation abnormal result

A

tenderness/ heating may indicate injuries: fractured ribs, connective tissue inflammation, inflamed pleurae, local skin infection

25
Q

Posterior percussion normal result

A

flat over scapula & resonance over lung tissue

26
Q

Posterior percussion abnormal result

A

dullness: indicte solid/ fluid (pneumonia)
Hyperesonance: indicate air trapping (pneumonthorax)

27
Q

Posterior & anterior ausculatation normal result

A

bilaterally equal ai-entry sound: vesicular sound & bronchovesicular sound

28
Q

Posterior & anterior ausculatation abnormal result

A

wheeze: narrowed airway
Crackles: fluid accumulation
Diminished: little air moving in or out

29
Q

4 anterior inspection

A
  1. trachea & sternum position
  2. sternum retraction
  3. repiratory rate
  4. intercostal muscle retraction/ bulging
30
Q

trachea & sternum posiiton inspection normal result

A

midsternal/ midline

31
Q

trachea & sternum posiiton inspection abnormal result

A

deviation: may indicate lung complication
sunken/ prostrution of sternum: lung expansion restriction & decrease lung capacity

32
Q

Respiratory rate inspection normal result

33
Q

Respiratory rate inspection abnormal result

A

hyperventilation, tahcypnea, bradypnea
laboured & noisy breathing: asthma/ chronic bronchitis

34
Q

Sternum retraction inspection normal result

A

no retraction

35
Q

Sternum retraction inspection abnormal result

A

sternum pulling inward indicate respiratory distress

36
Q

intercostal musle retraction/ bulging abnormal result

A

retraction: increased inspiratory effort due o airway obstruction
bulging: ai trapping

36
Q

intercostal muscle retraction/ bulging inspection normal result

A

no retraction/ bulging

37
Q

Anterior percussion normal result

A

tympany: stomach
dullness: liver, heat, breast
resonance: lung
flatness: bone

38
Q

Anterior percussion abnormal result

A

dullness: tumor, solid inside
hyperresonance: air trapped

N211F (14 decks)

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