CVS Flashcards
How to inspect JVP
- prop up to 45 degree
- turn left
- shine light on area near calvicle for pulsation
- inspect distension
JVP inspection abnormal result
visible jucular vein, indicate right heart faliure
JVP inspection normal result
non-visible jucular vein
Carotid pulse palpation procedure
- finger pad on to sternocleidomastoid on the neck
- do not palpate both side at the same time
Carotid pulse palpation normal result
equally strong pulsation on right & left arteries
Carotid pulse palpation abnormal result
absent of pulse: may indicate cardiac arrest/ arteries diseases
Carotid arteries auscultation procedure
- use bell side of the stethoscope to ausculatate the carotid arteries
- ask pt not to breathe for a moment
Carotid arteries auscultation normal result
no swishing/ bruit/ blowing sound
Carotid arteries auscultation abnormal result
bruit: may indicate narrowed arteries
Apical impulse inspectoin abnormal result
other seen out area (other than 4th/ 5th intercostal space) may indicate left heart failure/ ventricle enlargement
Apical impulse inspectoin normal result
impulse locate at 4th/ 5th intercostal space at midcalvicle line
Apical impulse pulpation normal result
impulsation within fiftycent size, like a gentle tap
Apical impulse pulpation abnormal result
forceful, more significant than a fifty cent size, or pulsation shft to 6th intercostal space or further: may indicate caridac enlarement
Heaves & Thrills palpation normal result
no vibration is palpated
Heaves & Thrills palpation abnormal result
thrills is palpated: may indicate valve stenosis
When is perussion of pericardium needed
when evidence (CXR/ enchocardiogram) shows heart enlargement to see whether the heart is larger in size
Abnormal result of the 6 points heart ausculatation
Diaphragm: high pitched S1 & S2 sound, indicate aortic murmurs/ mitral regurgitation
Bell: low-pitched S3 & S4 sound, indicate murmurs of mital stenosis
Apical rate normal range & se which side of stethoscope
60-100 bpm, diaphragm
5 steps of ECG interpretation
- R wave
- Heart Rate
- R wave
- PR interval
- QRS interval
ECG interpretation: normal R wave
regular
ECG interpretation: normal Heart Rate
60-100bpm
(ie. 6beat/3 sec = 6*40/3)
ECG interpretation: normal P wave
P:R ratio 1:1
rounded, regular, upright, alike, precede each QRS complex
ECG interpretation: normal PR interal
0.12-0.2s, constant
ECG interpretation: normal QRS interval
<0.2s, look alike, constant
s/s of asystole
- pupil dilation
- no BP, peripheral pulse, heart sound
- most serious form of cadiac arrest, usually irreversible
- no tissue contraction from the heart muscle
- electrical activity cessation
- ununconscious
- no blood flow to the rest of the body
7 types of cardiac rhythm
- Sinus rhythm
- Sinus tachycardia
- Sinus bradycardia
- Atrial Fibrillation
- Atrial Flutter
- Ventricular Tachycardia
- Ventricular Fibrillation
Ventricular Fibrillation s/s & intervention
- no caridac output, lead to pupil dilation, unconscious, cyanosis, repspiraotry arrest
- no BP, heart sound, peripheral pulse
- life threatening, need immediate intervention, early defibrillation
s/s of ventricular tachycardia & intervention
rapid heart rate, angina, dyspnea, lighteadednesss, palpitation, may lead to cardiac arrest
need immediate resuscitation & defibrillation, no cardiac output & unstable pulse
