head, eye, nose, mouth Flashcards
Head inspection normal finding
size, shape varies
but normally round, symmetrical & no lesion
Head inspection abnormal finding
Acromegaly: large skull & facial bone
Microcephaly: abnormally small head
face inspection normal finding
symmetrical, no abnormal movement
wrinkles: loss of sucutaneous as aging
face inspection abnormal finding
weakness on one side together with hemi-paralysis: stroke
masked face: parkinson’s disease
Neck inspection normal finding
symmetrical, head centered, no bulging
neck inspection abnormal finding
enlarged masses, swelling: thyroid enlargement
movement of thyroid test for inspection
ask patient to take a sip of water
movement of thyroid inspection normal finding
cartilage & thyroid ove upward & symmetrically when swallowing
movement of thyroid inspection abnormal finding
asymmetrical/ enlargement of thyroid
neck’s range of motion inspection normal finding
controlled & smooth & normal range of motion
neck’s range of motion inspection abnormal finding
stiffness, ridigity, reduced range of motion: neck msucle spasm, inflammation
elderly: due to arthritis, decreased flexion, extension, bending, rotation
Cervical Vertebra (C7) inspection normal finding
visible & palpable
cervical vertebra (C7) inspection abnormal finding
increased curvature: kyphosis
reduced curvature: due to fat accumulation in cervical vertebra
Head palpation normal finding
hard, smooth, no lesion
Head palpation abnormal finding
lesion lump: trauma
temporal artery palpation normal finding
non-tender, elastic
temporal artery palpation abnormal finding
tender, hard, thick: inflammation, temporal arteritis
trachea palpation normal finding
midline
trachea palpation abnormal finding
shift to affected side: atelectasis
shift to unaffected side: pneumonthorax
lymph node palpation normal finding
soft, round, <1cm not palpable, mobile
lymph node palpation abnormal fnding
tender, >1cm: enlargement & inflammation
fixed, delmitation
eyeballs edge of eyelid & position inspection abnormal finding
ptosis (drooping of eyelid)
proptosis (protrusion of eyeball)
hyperthyroidism
eyeballs edge of eyelid & position inspection normal finding
no sclera is seen above/ below iris
upper (lower) eyelid lie the uppper (lower) part of iris & pupil
Ability to close eye inspection abnormal finding
unable to cloes: CN III damage/ swelling > risk of cornea damage
ability to close eyes inspection normal finding
upper & lower eyelid should close easily & met completely
Eyelid inspection:
swelling, lesion, turning, discharge, colour
eyelid inspection: normal finding
no inversion/ eversion, no swelling, normal discharge of tears to keep eyes moist
eyelid inspection abnormal inspection
lower eyelid inverted: cause cornea & conjunctiva injury & inflammation
Everted lower eyelid: cause drying exposure of conjunctiva, lead to increase tear dischage
swelling & redness & discharge: inflammation
eyeball inspection normal finding
symmetrical aligned
eyeball inspection abnormal finding
sunken eye
protrusion of eye
misalignment of eyeball
conjuntiva & sclera inspection abnormal finding
yellow sclera: jaundance
bright red sclera: subconjunctival hemorhage
generalized redness in conjunctiva: conjunctivitis
conjuntiva & sclera inspection normal finding
sclera: white, smooth
Conjunctiva: clear, moist, with tiny vessels
