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Nursing People with Acute Conditions > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

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1
Q

COPD

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
progressive development of airflow limitation
overinflated alveoli

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2
Q

Ventilation (V)

A

Air exchange
Inhalation and exhalation
O2 in CO2 out

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3
Q

Perfusion (Q)

A

Gas exchange - at the capillary level, blood flow to tissues and organs

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4
Q

V/Q mismatch

A

adequate inhalation but can’t extract O2 or bringing blood with no O2 - lead to hypoxia - lead to respiratory failure

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5
Q

V/Q mismatch causes:

A

obstructed airway
obstructed blood flow in lungs e.g. clot

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6
Q

Resp failure causes

A
  • CNS causes: depression of drive to breath e.g. overdose
  • Alveoli abnormalities
    -Airway instructions: COPD, asthma
  • PNS disorders: resp muscle and chest wall weakness
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7
Q

Respiratory Failure

A

result of one or more diseases involving the lungs
resp system can’t maintain gas exchange

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8
Q

Type 1 resp failure

A

impaired gas exchange at alveo-capillary level due to lung tissue damage preventing oxygenation
hypoxia - low O2

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9
Q

Type 2 resp failure

A

Occurs when alveolar ventilation is insufficient to excrete CO2 - leading to increased CO2 in blood
Increased CO2 leads to high acidity in the blood

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10
Q

Hypercapnia

A

High CO2 levels in the blood

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11
Q

Normal PaO2 range

A

80-100mm/Hg

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12
Q

Type 2 resp failure PaCO2 range

A

greater than 50mm/Hg

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13
Q

Type 1 Resp failure causes

A

asthma
pulmonary oedema
ARDS
COVID
pneumonia

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14
Q

Type 2 Resp failure causes

A

COPD
chest abnormalities
resp muscle weakness
chronic bronchitis
emphysema

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15
Q

Resp failure signs and symptoms

A
  • gradual changes in PaO2 or PaCO2
  • Dyspnoea
  • Tachypnoea
  • Restless
  • Confusion
  • Central Cyanosis
  • Tachycardia
  • Pulmonary hypertension
  • Loss of conscious
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16
Q

Dyspnoea

A

Shortness of breath

17
Q

Pulmonary hypertension

A

increased blood pressure in the vessels from heart to the lungs
- in an attempt to pump more O2 rich blood around the body

18
Q

Pneumonia

A

acute infection of the lung
organisms reach the lungs through:
- aspiration
-inhalation
-homogenous spread

19
Q

Pneumonia Causes

A
  • bacteria
  • viruses
  • fungi
  • parasites
  • chemicals
20
Q

Aspiration Pneumonia

A

either CAP or MCAP
abnormal entry of material from month or stomach into the trachea or lungs

21
Q

Opportunistic Pneumonia

A

people with a weakened immune system usually at greater risk e.g. HIV, chemo

22
Q

Pneumonia signs and symps

A
  • fevers
  • chills
  • headaches
  • clammy, blue skin
  • Low BP ( late sign)
  • nausea/ vom
  • joint pain
  • Lungs:
    SOB
    cough
    pleuric chest pain
23
Q

Pleuric chest pain

A

sharp pain when breathing deeply

24
Q

Asthma

A

airways narrow and well and may produce extra mucus

25
Q

asthma triggers

A

occupational
infections/ cold/ flu
allergies
smoke
drugs
weather
exercise

26
Q

Bronchospasm

A

airway muscles tighten

27
Q

Vasocongestion

A

swelling of body tissues caused by increased blood flow

28
Q

Asthma exacerbations

A

asthma attack
airways become swollen and inflammed

29
Q

Asthma attack signs and symptoms

A

SOB
word snot scentences
sitting forward to maximise disgraphm movement
prominent wheeze
resp rate >30
neck accessory muscle use

30
Q

Respiratory Acidosis

A

failure of ventilation and accumulation of CO2 in the blood

31
Q

Respiratory Alkalosis

A

low CO2 in the blood disrupts A/B imbalance
caused with rapid breathing e.g. hyperventilation

32
Q

Diaphoresis

A

Abnormal/ excessive sweating

33
Q

Laryngospasm

A

Spasms of the vocal cords

34
Q

Bronchitis

A

is an inflammation of the lining of your bronchial tubes, which carry air to and from your lung - COPD

35
Q

Emphysema

A

the alveoli sacs lose their ability to inflate and deflate due to an inflammatory response in the body - COPD

36
Q

atelectasis

A

the collapse of part or all of the lung caused by a blockage in the airway or by pressure on the lung

Nursing People with Acute Conditions (9 decks)

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