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Nursing People with Acute Conditions > Acute Abdomen > Flashcards

Acute Abdomen Flashcards

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1
Q

Acute Abdominal Pain Causes

A

-ppendicitis
-perforated peptic uler
-acute pancreatitis
-ruptured sigmoid colon
ruptured diverticular
-ovarian torsion
-ruptured AAA
-ischaemic bowel

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2
Q

Abdominal Assessments

A

-pain scale
-OLDCARTS
-onset, duration, location, characteristics, aggravating factors, relieving factors, timing, severity
- N&V
-ausculate bowel
-melena
-input and output

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3
Q

Abdominal Diagnostics

A

-full hx
-physical examination
-palpate
-eating habits
-NG tube
-FBC
-blood cultures
-urinalysis
-ECG
-CT scan
-ultrasound
-diagnostic laparoscopy

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4
Q

Peritonitis

A

-Redness, inflammation or swelling of the lining of the belly or abdomen (peritineum)

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5
Q

Appendicitis

A

-appendix inflammation
-obstruction of faces in the lumen
-obstruction causes distension, venous engorgement and bacteria accumulation

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6
Q

Appendix

A

-has immune function
-pouch projecting out of the colon

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7
Q

Appendicitis Signs and Symptoms

A

-periumbilical pain
-anorexia
-nausea and vomiting
-persistant pain @ right lower quadrant
-localised tenderness
-diminished bowel sounds

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8
Q

Peritoneum

A

a membrane, a sheet of smooth tissue that lines your abdominopelvic cavity and surrounds your abdominal organs

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9
Q

Peritonitis causes

A

-apendicitis with rupture
-blunt or penetrating trauma to abdominal organs
-cirrhosis with ascites
-genital tract organisms

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10
Q

Ascites

A

Fluid collecting in spaces in the abdomen

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11
Q

Cirrhosis

A

scarring (fibrosis) of the liver caused by long-term liver damage

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12
Q

Peritonitis Signs & Symptoms

A

-adbominal pain
-rebound tenderness
-muscular rigity
-shallow respirations
-fever
-tachycardia
-nausea and vomiting
-spasms

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13
Q

Mechanical Intestinal Obstruction

A

-detectable occlusion of the intestine
-cancer
-strictures (From chrons)
-hernia
surgical adhesion

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14
Q

Strictures

A

a narrowing of part of the intestine because of scar tissue in its wall commonly seen in crohns

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15
Q

Hernia

A

bulging of an organ or tissue through an abnormal opening

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16
Q

Non-mechanical Intestinal Obstruction

A

-from neuromuscular or vascular disorders
-ileus is the most common cause

17
Q

Ileus

A

lack of intestinal peristalsis

18
Q

Jaundice

A

the skin, whites of the eyes and mucous membranes turn yellow because of a high level of bilirubin

19
Q

Intestinal Obstruction Nursing Assessment

A

-patient history
-physical examination
-CT
-CXR
-fever
-jaundice
-colonoscopy
-IV fluids
-pain management
-vitals and escalation
-nutritional status
-hypovolemic shock monitoring

20
Q

Cholelithiasis

A

-Gallstones
-cause is unknown
- hardened deposits of digestive fluid that can form in your gallbladder
-can form if your bile has too much cholesterol, or not enough bile salts

21
Q

Cholycystitis

A

Gallbladder inflammation

22
Q

Gallbladder

A

It stores and concentrates bile produced in the liver. Bile aids in the digestion of fat and is released from the gallbladder

23
Q

Crohns Disease

A

an inflammatory bowel disease
-inflammation spreads through the layers of the gut causing ulcrers, abcesses

24
Q

Ulcerative colitis

A

-IBD
-continuous inflammation of the colon opposed to crohns where parts are healthy and parts are damaged

25
Q

Pancreatitis

A

-when digestive enzymes bcome activiated with still in the pancreas irritating the pancreas cells

26
Q

Pancreas

A

Exocrine function: Produces substances (enzymes) that help with digestion. Endocrine function: Sends out hormones that control the amount of sugar in your bloodstream

27
Q

Pancreatitis Causes

A

-gallstones stuck in the bile duct blockng enzymes in the pancreatic duct
-heavy alcohol use
-chronic pancreatitis

28
Q

Acute Pancreatitis

A

acute inflammation of the pancreas

29
Q

Acute Pancreatitis Causes

A

-alcohol
-biliary tract disease
-smoking
-trauma
-infection
-post op GI surgery
-drugs

30
Q

Causes of Pancreatic enzyme activation

A

-odedema
-haemorrhage
-fat necrosis
-shock
-smooth muscle cell contraction

31
Q

Pancreatitis Signs and Symptoms

A

-abdominal tenderness and pain
-fever
-tachycardia
-Nausea and Vom
-hyperglycemia
-shock
-paralytic ileus

32
Q

Pancreatitis Interventions

A

-monitor renal function
-correct fluid and electrolyte balances
-pain relief
-nil by mouth
-nasogasto tube
-monitor BGL
-prevent and alleviate shock

33
Q

Cullen’s Sign

A

Superficial oedema with bruising in the subcutaneous fatty tissue around the periumbilical region

34
Q

Greu Turmner’s Sign

A

ecchymosis and discolouration of the flanks

35
Q

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

A

-relapsing and remitting condition characterised by chronic inflammation at various points in the GI tracts ]
-crohns and ulcerative colitis

Nursing People with Acute Conditions (9 decks)

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