Musculoskeletal Flashcards
PRIMARY ASSESSMENT
Airways and C spine immobilisation
Breathing and ventillation
Circulation and haemorrhage control
Disability
Exposure and environment control
Full Vitals, family, further investigation
Give comfort measures
Head-2-toes and history
Inspect the back
Flail chest
three or more ribs located next to each other are fractured in two or more places - no open wounds
SOB, laboured resps
-paradoxical chest movement
chest pain
tachycardia
Paradoxical chest movement
chest wall moves in on inspiration and out on expiration, in reverse of the normal movements
Sucking chest wound
injury causes a hole to open in your chest
SOB
decreased or absent breath sounds
Open pneumothorax
air enters pleural space through opening in chest wall
Tension Pneumothorax
pneumothorax with rapid accumulation of air in pleural space causing severely high intrapleural pressure
- resulting in tension of the heart and vessels
- break in the pleural acts as 1 way valve
Hemothorax
accumulation of blood in pleural space
Pneumothorax
air entering the pleural cavity causing partial of complete collapse of lungs
- increased volume of air in pleural space causes decrease in the lung volume
Chest Drain
to remove air and/or fluid from the pleural space and restore normal intra-pleural pressure - tension/ hemo pneumothorax
3x sided dressing
management of an open pneumothroax, taped on 3 sides allowing air and fluids to escape on exhalation and occluding air entering on inspiration - open pneumothorax
Transverse Fracture
right angle in 1/2 through bone
Oblique fracture
oblique strange angle through the bone
Comminuted Fracture
more than 2 fragments
Greenstick Fracture
imcomplete, one side chipped, the other side bent
Sprial Fracture
spiral fracture across the bone
Neurovascular damage
looking for nerve or vascular damage
peripheral vascular assessment
colour
warmth
cap refill
peripheral pulses
oedema
peripheral neurological assessment
sensation
motor function
pain
5 p’s
Pain
Pallor - unhealthy pale colour
Pulse
Paresthesia - abnormal sensation
Paralysis
Traction
application of a pulling force to an injured or diseased part of body of extremity
Fracture complications
- infection
- compartment syndrome
- venous thromboembolism (DVT)
- fat embolism
fat embolism syndrome
condition where fat gets into your blood stream and blocks blood flow
Venous thromboembolism (VTE)
condition where clot forms in a vein
DVT
- deep vein thrombosis
- blood clot forming in deep vein
Compartment syndrome
swelling and increased pressure ina limited space (a compartment) presses on and compromises the function of blood vessels, nerves or tendons running through the compartment
Cast
Hard mold to encase a body part and immobilize the bones surrounding tissue
