Renal Flashcards
HHNS
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome
-dangerous condition where glucose levels are too high
Diabetes Mellitus
Pancrease can no longer make insulin or the body can’t use the insulin it produces
Insulin
-hormone produced in the pancreas
-lets glucose from food be absorbed into cells to produce energy
-deficiency results in hyperglycemia
-long term increase associated with organ failure
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
-complication where the body produces excess blood acids (ketones)
-occurs when there is insufficient insulin for body to use as energy so it uses fat instead
-relative or absoltue deficiency of insulin
Ketosis
Metabolic state when body burns fat instead on glucose - producing ketones as a by-product (lowering blood pH)
T1DM
pancreas does not make insulin, immune system attacks the cells i that make insulin
-autoimmune disease
T2DM
pancreas makes less insulin than used to, and your body becomes resistant to insulin
What is DKA characterised by
- hyperglycaemia
-kyperketonemia
-metabolic acidosic
-dehydration
Metabolic Acidosis
build up of acid in the blood
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
abrupt decrease or cessation of GFR or kidneys stop working
-rapid onset and loss
-accumulation of nitrogenous waste products in the blood
Glomerular Filtration Rate
rate blood is filtered at each minure
Prerenal AKI
-factors external to kidneys
E.G.
- hypovolaemia
-decreased cardiac output (MI, arrythmias,)
-decreased renovascular blood flow (DVT, embolism)
Hypovolaemia
a condition that occurs when your body loses fluid, like blood or water
Intrarenal AKI
-conditions that cause direct damage to kidneys
E.G.
-nephrotoxic injury (drugs, severe trauma)
-interstitial nephritis (allergies, infection)
-result of ischaemia
interstitial nephritis
tubules in the kidney become inflamed reducing kidney function
