respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

What is COPD

A

-constriction of airways or difficulty breathing

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2
Q

types of COPD

A
  • Emphysemia
  • chronic bronchitis
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3
Q

what is emphysemia

A

inflammation of alveoli

  • increase oxidate stress and proteases
  • breakdown of alveolar walls
  • increase airspaces
    -decrease alveolar surface area = less gas exchange
  • acidosis pulmonary hypertension
    -respiratory failure
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4
Q

what is chronic bronchitis

A

-Inflammation within bronchioles/bronchi = swelling, increase mucous production = narrowing = decrease airflow

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5
Q

COPD risk

A
  • smoking
    -exposure to environment irritants
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6
Q

What is asthma

A

-chronic inflammation of airways

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7
Q

what causes asthma attack

A
  • bronchoconstriction and mucousal oedima = increase mucus production = increase airway resistance = reduces air flow = V/Q mismatch = decrease which leads to hypoxemia
  • air retention and hypercapnia can occur
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8
Q

S+S of asthma

A
  • cough
  • wheezing
  • chest tightness
  • shortness of breath
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9
Q

pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis

A
  • autommal recessive
  • Recessive allele codes for an abnormality in chloride channels =
  • decrease chloride secretion to extra cellular fluid (ECF) =
  • cellular secretions become more thick, dry, sticky
  • decrease cilia action and increase airway resistance = decrease ability to remove debris and microbes = increase risk of inflections
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