respiratory Flashcards
1
Q
What is COPD
A
-constriction of airways or difficulty breathing
2
Q
types of COPD
A
- Emphysemia
- chronic bronchitis
3
Q
what is emphysemia
A
inflammation of alveoli
- increase oxidate stress and proteases
- breakdown of alveolar walls
- increase airspaces
-decrease alveolar surface area = less gas exchange - acidosis pulmonary hypertension
-respiratory failure
4
Q
what is chronic bronchitis
A
-Inflammation within bronchioles/bronchi = swelling, increase mucous production = narrowing = decrease airflow
5
Q
COPD risk
A
- smoking
-exposure to environment irritants
6
Q
What is asthma
A
-chronic inflammation of airways
7
Q
what causes asthma attack
A
- bronchoconstriction and mucousal oedima = increase mucus production = increase airway resistance = reduces air flow = V/Q mismatch = decrease which leads to hypoxemia
- air retention and hypercapnia can occur
8
Q
S+S of asthma
A
- cough
- wheezing
- chest tightness
- shortness of breath
9
Q
pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis
A
- autommal recessive
- Recessive allele codes for an abnormality in chloride channels =
- decrease chloride secretion to extra cellular fluid (ECF) =
- cellular secretions become more thick, dry, sticky
- decrease cilia action and increase airway resistance = decrease ability to remove debris and microbes = increase risk of inflections