IV fluid therapy pharm

Question 1

role of body fluids

Answer 1

helps with:
- transport of nutrients, hormones, proteins
- removal of cellular metabolic waste
- regulate body temp

Question 2

what dictates body water requirement

Answer 2

1. amount needed to give proper4 osmotic conc
2. amount needed to replace water lost excretion

Question 3

fluid shift in diseases (loss and gain)

Answer 3

fluid loss
- GI: diarrhoea, vomiting
- Renal: diuresis
- Vascular: haemorrhage
- Skin: burns
Gain
- Heart, liver kidney failure

Question 4

colloid solutions vs crystalloid solutions

Answer 4

colloid - resus, major bleed
- gelatinous solutions contains particles suspended in solution

crystalloid - everyday use
- clear fluids made up of water and electrolytes

Question 5

euvolaemia, hypovolaemia, hypervolaemia

Answer 5

E = normal
Hypo = dry (total water is deficient)
Hyper = wet (body water is in excess)

Question 6

what is Osmosis

Answer 6

• water moving across semi permeable membrane across concentration gradient
• move from high conc to low conc

Question 7

hypertonic vs hypotonic vs isotonic

Answer 7

hypertonic = more concentrate compared to plasma
hypotonic = less concentrated compared to plasma
isotonic = matches plasma concentration

Question 8

fluid replacement Goal hypotonic and hypertonic

Answer 8

Hypotonic
- shifts into cells and cells swell to maintain homeostasis
uses: cellular dehydration (shrunk cells) . restores cellular shape correcting cellular dehydration

Hypertonic
- encourages water to come out of cells causing them to shrink
- uses: cerebral oedema. restores cellular shape, correcting cerebral oedema

Question 9

Hypovolaemia and hypervolaemia S+S

Answer 9

Hypovolaemia
- postural hypotension
- tachycardia
- absence of JVP @45 degrees
- decrease skin turgor
- dry mucosae
- supine hypotension
- Oliguria
- organ failure

Hypervolaemia
- hypertension
- tachycardia
- rasied JVP - gallop rhythm
- oedema
- pleural effusions
- pulmonary oedema
- ascites
- organ failure

Question 10

rules of fluid replacement

Answer 10

• replace blood with blood
• replace plasma with colloid
• resuscitate with crystalloid and colloid
• maintenacne with D5W
• replace fluid loss with crystalloid

Question 11

treatment for blood loss

Answer 11

• give 2L of blood = expands intravascular compartments

Question 12

crystalloids treatment

Answer 12

• saline doesn’t remain in vascular space, diffuse into interstitial space
• sodium does not enter intracellular space
• saline causes expansion of intravascular volume

Question 13

colloid treatment

Answer 13

• causes expansion of intravascular compartments by 2 litres
• increase oncotic pressure