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Critical Care > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Normal pH value

A

7.35-7.45

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2
Q

Normal pCO2 Value

A

35-45

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3
Q

Normal HCO3 Value

A

22-26

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4
Q

Normal pO2

A

80-100

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5
Q

Chest tube insertion site

A

4-5 ICS anterior axillary line

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6
Q

Early shock patient’s usually have what type of Acid-Base Imbalance

A

Respritory alkalosis
Due to increase in respirtory rate increase in early shock as the body attempts to compensate

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7
Q

Patient’s ABGs are pH7.43, pCO2 56, HCO3 34, what should you do to correct the pCO2?

A

analyze electroytes and replace the deficiency because the patient’s pH is normal indicating that they have compensated.

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8
Q

Electrical Alternans indicates what and how does it present?

A

Pericardial effusion
alterations in the QRS complex amplitude or axis between heart beats.

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9
Q

Signs and symptoms of Malignant hyperthermia

A

Increased EtCO2, temp, muscle rigidity
administration of succs, general anesthesia gas agents,

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10
Q

Medication for treatment of malignant hyperthermia

A

Dantrium/dantroline 2.5 mg/kg

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11
Q

Prefered site of needle thorocostomy

A

2nd ics, midlcavicular line

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12
Q

Hammons sign

A

Crunching sounds during heart sound asculation and my be synchronized with heart beat, associated with trachiobronical injury

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13
Q

Two vent settings that change effect the patient’s oxygenation

A

FiO2 and PEEP

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14
Q

Mintue Ventilation formula

A

Vt x RR=VE

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15
Q

Normal tidal volume for vent pt

A

5-8ml/kg of IBW

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16
Q

High limit of acceptable pPlat

A

35cm/h2o

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17
Q

test used to most often diagnose PE

A

VQ lung scan

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18
Q

Acute respiratory falure is define as (ABG values)

A

pO2 <60
pCO2 >50

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19
Q

Left Shift on the oxy-hemoglobin curve

A

Casues increase in the affinity, making oxygen easier for hemoglobin to pick up but harder to relase
remember the L for Left and Low
-LOW/holds on to oxygen
-LOW Temp
-LOW 2,3 DPG (production decreased with septic shock and hypophosphatemia
-LOW pCO2
-aLkaLosis (there is an L in alkalosis)

20
Q

Right shift of the oxy-hemoglobin curve

A

Causes a decrese in the affinity of the hemoglobin to oxygen making it harder for hemoglobin to bind to oxygen.
R stands for raisted/relases oxygen
-Raised temp (hyperthermia)
-Raised 2,3 DPG
-Raised pCO2
-Acidosis, (there’s no L in Acidosis)

21
Q

Repeated doses of Etomadate can cause

A

Acute adrenal Insufficiency

22
Q

BNP is used to test for what

A

Heart failure,
It is an amino acid that is relased by the ventricles in response to excessive streatching of the heart muscle

23
Q

Defaciculation dose of NMB is

A

10% of the RSI dosage used to prevent faciliculations in truama

24
Q

Elevated Anion Gap is defined by what values and is associated with what acid base balance and why

A

Metobolic acidosis
AG=Na-(Cl+HCO3)
Normal value is 4-12
abnormal >16

25
Q

Average ET tube for
adult male
adult female

A

8-9mmID
7-8mmID

26
Q

Sedative indicated for bronchoconstriction

A

Ketamine

27
Q

ARDS patient would require from what vent settings most

A

PEEP, ARDs lungs are typically irregularly inflamed and highly vulnerable to atelectasis, they have decreased compliance and increased deadspace.

28
Q

Airways with inflamation and narrowed passages, hypoxemia stimulates hyperventilation with resultant decrease in PaO2

A

Asthma

29
Q

Obstrucitve airflow disease, hypersecreastion of mucous preventing airflow to alveoli, hypoventilation resluting in hypercapnea and hypoxemia, VQ mismatch, pulmonary HTN and RV hypertrophy resluting in cor pulmonale

A

Chronic Bronchitis

30
Q

Destruction on alveoli and loss of elascticity, decreased gas exchange, air trapping, decresed elastic recoil of the lungs, increased RBC and Hematacrit

A

Emphysema

31
Q

COPD chest x ray finding

A

Hyperinflation of the lungs and narrow elongated heart shadow, flattened diaphram

32
Q

ARDS chest flim fliding

A

Ground glass infiltrates

33
Q

Sign for impending acute respiratory failure in the asthma patient

A

Absence of whezing, indicating the patient cannot ventilate sufficiently to produce breath sounds.

34
Q

Define widened pulse pressures
And when is it seen

A

Pulse Pressure = Systolic Blood Pressure – Diastolic Blood Pressure
<40
Seen in Cushings triad (increased ICP) widened pulse pressures, irregular respirations, bradycardia.

35
Q

Define narrow pulse pressures

A

Pulse Pressure = Systolic Blood Pressure – Diastolic Blood Pressure
Narrow pulse pressures occur in several diseases such as heart failure, blood loss, and cardiac tamponade.

36
Q

Diarrheal dehydration can cause what acid base imbalance

A

metabolic acidosis, loss of hydrogen ion through the kidney or GI tract.

37
Q

Vomiting or suctioning GI contents can cause what acid base imbalance

A

Metabolic alkalosis by the loss of gastic secreations which is rich in Hydrochloric acid

38
Q

Diuretics use can cause what acid base imbalance

A

Metabloic alkalosis due to loss of hydrogen ion through the kidney

39
Q

Hypoventilation or resp arrest caused what acid base imbalance

A

resp aciosis

40
Q

hyperventilation causes what acid base imbalance

A

resp alkalosis

41
Q

PIP should be less than what

A

40

42
Q

Ideal body weight formula

A

IBW (kg) males=50 + 2.3 (height in inches – 60)
IBW (kg) females = 45.5 + 2.3 (height in inches – 60)

43
Q

Pplat represents what and should be less than

A

measures alveolar pressure and should be less than 30

44
Q

Where are the main chemoreceptors located?

A

Medulla and Pons

45
Q

Would a pulmonary embolism increase or decrease the V/Q ratio?

A

Increase

Critical Care (13 decks)

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