Endocrine

Question 1

How does DKA differ form HHNK

Answer 1

DKA will have low pH (7.3), Low bicarb (<15) and a high anion gap
DKA will have a longer on set and ketones production

Question 2

How does diabetes insipidus differ form Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH

Answer 2

DI is from inadequate ADA production and will have Hypernatremia, hypokalemia, high serum os, dehydration, dilute urine
SIADH is form too much ADH production and present hyponatremia, low serum os, concentrated urine

Question 3

This patient presents with hypermetabolic, restless, anxious, tachycardia, hypertensive, hyperglycemic, and hyperthermic.
May occur post surgery.

Answer 3

Thyrotoxic Crisis (hyperthyroidism)
treat symptoms

Question 4

This patient presents hypometobolic, decreased LOC, bradycardia,hypotensive, hypoglycemic, hypothermic

Answer 4

Myxedema Coma (hypothryoidism)

Question 5

This patinet presents with a buffalo humb or moon faced appearance, hypertensive, hyperglycemic, flush skin,

Answer 5

Cushing’s Syndrome (Excessive cortisol production)

Question 6

This patient presents thin, hypotension, hypoglycemic, bradycardia, salt craving bronze skin

Answer 6

Addisonian crisis, inadequate cortisol production
Resuscitate with steroids

Question 7

This patient presents with hypertension, hypokalemia, and alkalosis and can be caused by adrenal/renal tumors

Answer 7

aldosteronism (excessive production of aldosterone)

Question 8

Blood glucose should NOT be lowered more than how much in the DKA patient per hour

Answer 8

100mg/dl

Question 9

When giving hypertonic saline, we do not want to raise the serum sodium more than how much per hour

Answer 9

0.5mEq/ml/h

Question 10

This patient is at a fluid deficit because of increased glucose and protien catabolism which increases osmotic pressure, pulling fluid from the intracellular space to the intravascular space which is lost due to osmotic diuresis (causing electrolyte loss).

Answer 10

DKA

Question 11

Care needs to be taken when administering insulin in the DKA patient due to what electrolyte imbalance?

Answer 11

Potassium, Potassium moves from inside the cell to outside the cell during the metobolic acidosis and upon administration of insulin, Potassium moves in to the cell with insulin.

Question 12

Care needs to be taken when administering insulin in the DKA patient due to what electrolyte imbalance?

Answer 12

Potassium, Potassium moves from inside the cell to outside the cell during the metobolic acidosis and upon administration of insulin, Potassium moves in to the cell with insulin causing worsening hypokalemia.

Question 13

Acetone breath, deep/rapid breathing, AMS, Polyurina and polyidipsia indicate what pathology?

Answer 13

DKA

Question 14

What pathology presents with increased diuresis, profound dehydration, with normal pH

Answer 14

HHS

Question 15

What is the difference between myxedema coma and hypothyroidism

Answer 15

Myxedema coma is hypothyroidism when mental status declines