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Year 3 > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Raised calcium and Erythema nodusum in Black

A

Sarcoidosis

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2
Q

PE ECG patterns

A

Sinus tachycardia is common; rarely S1Q3T3

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3
Q

Acute Bronchitis management

A

Doxycycline 2nd line Amoxicillin

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4
Q

Trachea away from the pneumothorax

A

tension pneumothorax

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5
Q

OSA is associated with

A

Hypertension

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6
Q

Lupus Pernio and hypercalcemia

A

Sarcoidosis

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7
Q

Ipratropium

A

SAMA

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8
Q

Drug cause of pulmonary fibrosis

A

Amiodarone

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9
Q

Lower Zone lung fibrosis

A

Idiopathic Pulmonary fibrosis
Drug induced such as amiodarone, bleomycin and methotrexate
Asbestosis

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10
Q

Upper Zone Fibrosis

A 
CHARTS
Coal worker 
Hypersensitivity 
Ankylosis spondylitis
TB 
Silicosis and sarcoidosis
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11
Q

A cutaneous rash affecting cheeks, lips, ears and digits

A

Lupus pernio; Sarcoidosis

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12
Q

CPAP indication

A

Chronic HF, OSA

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13
Q

BIPAP indication

A

Type 2 respiratory failure. Such as COPD

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14
Q

Pneumothorax <2 cm

A

Discharge

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15
Q

SOB and <2 cm

A

Aspiration

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16
Q

> 2 cm or failed aspiration

A

Chest drain

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17
Q

Secondary pneumothorax and less than 1 cm

A

Oxygen and 24 hour admission

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18
Q

Clubbing, dry non productive cough, weight loss, dyspnea, crackles

A

IPF

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19
Q

Indication of corticosteroid for Sarcoidosis

A

Parenchymal lung disease, uveitis, hypercalcemia and neuro or cardiac involvement

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20
Q

Asthma step wise management

A 
SABA 
SABA + ICS
SABA + ICS + LTRA 
SABA + ICS + LABA  (LTRA maybe)
SABA +/- LTRA + MART
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21
Q

COPD management ladder

A

SABA or SAMA
If asthmatic features: SABA/SAMA + ICS + LABA
If no asthmatic features: SABA/SAMA + LAMA + LABA

Step 3: SABA/SAMA + LAMA + LABA + ICS

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22
Q

Moderate asthma - Signs

A

PEFR 50-75%, normal speech; RR <25 and Pulse <110

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23
Q

Severe asthma signs

A

PERR 33-50%; cannot complete sentences and RR>25; pulse >110

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24
Q

Life-threatening asthma

A

PEFR <33% best or predicted
Oxygen sats <92%
Silent chest, cyanosis, feeble respiratory effort, bradycardia; dysrhythmia or hypotension; exhaustion, confusion or coma. Normal pCO2

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25
Q

Lung cancer investigation of choice

A

Contrast enhanced CT

Brownie points: Chest, liver and adrenals

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26
Q

Most common pathogen that causes pneumonia in diabetics and alcoholics

A

Klebsiella

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27
Q

1st line in mesothelioma (after CXR) and Gold standard of Mesothelioma

A

Ct scan 1st line

Thoracoscopy and histology gold standard

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28
Q

How does controlled Hyperventilation help in patients with raised ICP

A

Low Co2 - vasoconstriction of cerebral arteries - Blood flow reduces and decreased ICP hence

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29
Q

PE thrombolysis indication

A

1st line for passive PEs where there is Hypotension

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30
Q

Children’s CPR rate

A

100-120 per minute

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31
Q

Investigations in pleural effusions

A

PA chest x ray; USS guided pleural aspiration

32
Q

Light’s Criteria

A

Exudate >30g/L
Transudates have <30 g/L
Between 25 to 35
it’s an exudate if pleural fluid protein divided by serum protein >0.5 OR
Pleural fluid LDH ratio is >0.6 OR
Pleural fluid LDH is more than 2/3rd the upper limit of normal serum LDH

33
Q

Normal pCO2 in acute asthma

A

Life-threatening asthma

34
Q

Bronchial breathing cause

A

Lobar consolidation, atelectasis

35
Q

Reduced breath sounds

A

Pleural effusion

36
Q

Interstitial lung disease breath sounds are

A

Vesicular in nature

37
Q

Bradypnea, pinpoint pupils, reduced consciousness in a post-surgical patient

A

Opiate induced depression

38
Q

Patchy bilateral shadowing on CXR, Low Stats despite O2 flow, Tachypnea; tachycardia ; History of 1 WEEK pneumonia

A

ARDS

*Knowledge: Exclusion diagnosis

39
Q

CXR Changes show Millet Seeds throughout lung fields

A

Miliary TB

40
Q

Inspiratory crackles + Occupational exposure + Clubbing + old age

A

Pulmonary fibrosis

41
Q

Hypercalcemia due to PTH peptide is associated with what type of lung cancer

A

Squamous Cell cancer

42
Q

Lung cancer and Hypercalcemia

A

Bone metastasis

43
Q

Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy which is similar to clubbing; glandular epithelial cells of bronchi

A

Adenocarcinoma of lung

44
Q

CURB 65

A 
C: confusion 
U: urea >7mmol/L
R: RR>30
B: BP <90 or DBP <60 
65: age >65

0-1 - low risk, manage at home
2: Moderate; outpatient or admission
3-5: IV ABx, admission

45
Q

Antibiotics in pneumonia

A

Severe pneumonia: Cover atypical organisms - clarithromycin and give penicillin - IV route (benzylpenicillin)

46
Q

Hoarse voice, Breathlessness, reduced exercise tolerance and Smoking history

A

Lung cancer

47
Q

Unilateral wheeze in a smoker, Refractory to Prednisolone; confusion; puffy face (SVC obstruction)

A

Lung cancer

48
Q

Bronchiectasis - Increased risk of hospitalisation, mortality - bacteria

A

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

49
Q

Pneumothorax 5 cm (large)

A

Insertion of 12 Fr Seldinger Chest drain in >2 cm pneumothorax

50
Q

Management of tension pneumothorax

A

Large bore cannula into the 2nd ICS on right

51
Q

HRT is a risk factor for what respiratory condition

52
Q

Ground glass appearance on CXR, HIV positive; what is the microbe

A

Pneumocystis Jirovecii

53
Q

History of travel to Indian subcontinent; bloody sputum, fever, night sweats, weight loss, CXR: right sided pleural effusion, Upper lobe infiltrates

54
Q

Right sided effusion + ascites + Benign ovarian fibroma

A

Meig’s Syndrome

55
Q

OSA

A

Home pulse oximetry - Characteristic desaturation

56
Q

Sleepiness Score

A

Epworth sleep Score

57
Q

Surgery for management of alpha 1 antitrypsin

A

Lung volume reduction surgery

58
Q

Fever, rigours, SOB, right sided pleuritic chest pain, reduced expansion, dull percussion and increased tactile vocal Fremitus

59
Q

Tension pneumothorax

A

Hyper-resonant on affected side and Deviated to opposite side

60
Q

Stony dull percussion and decreased tactile vocal fremitus

A

Pleural effusion

61
Q

Pneumothorax is associated with what connective tissue disease

A

Marfans syndrome

62
Q

When to Prescribe steroids in Sarcoidosis

A

parenchymal lung disease
Uveitis
Hypercalcemia
Neuro or cardio involvement

63
Q

PE ECG

64
Q

Pleural Effusion + alopecia + oral ulcers + rash on cheeks + Joint pains

A

SLE

diagnosis using ANA

65
Q

Klebsiella can cause what two problems in alcoholics

A

Empyema and Pneumonia

66
Q

Causes of respiratory alkalosis

A

Anxiety, PE, CNS disorders such as SAH, encephalitis; altitude and pregnancy

67
Q

This tumour compresses on the recurrent laryngeal nerve causing hoarseness

A

Pancoast tumour

68
Q

Nuclear enlargement, hyperchromasia, pleomorphism

A

CANCER LIKE FEATURES

69
Q

COPD PATIENT needs BIPAP or CPAP

A

BIPAP or non-invasive ventilation

70
Q

What is the drug cause of pulmonary fibrosis

A

Amiodarone

71
Q

Treatment of allergic Bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

A

Prednisolone

72
Q

Lower lung pathologies

A 
BAD RASH 
B: Bronchiectasis
A: asbestosis 
DIP
RA
Aspiration 
Scleroderma 
Acute interstitial pneumonia is
73
Q

What should be done before wells score and CTPA in a PE patient

74
Q

SVC syndrome management

A

Dexamethas one

75
Q

Triangle of safety

A

Base of the Axilla, lateral pectoralis major, 5th ICS and anterior Latissimus Doris

76
Q

LTOT guidelines

A 
FEV1 <30% predicted 
FEV1 30-49% predicted 
Cyanosis 
Polycythemia 
Peripheral oedema 
Raised JVP 
Oxygen saturation less than or equal to 92% on RAl
77
Q

If a patient with PE is also at a risk of hemorrhage. What anticoagulant is used

A

IV heparin

Year 3 (11 decks)

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