Gastroenterology Flashcards
1
Q
Primary biliary sclerosis Test
A
Anti mitochondrial antibody
2
Q
Treatment of PBC
A
Ursodeoxycholic Acid
3
Q
PSC test
A
pANCA
4
Q
Association with UC - PBC or PSC
A
PSC
5
Q
Risk of cholangiocarcinoma
A
PSC
6
Q
Onion skin lesions
A
PSC
7
Q
Association with immune conditions such as Thyroid
A
PBC
8
Q
t2d with abnormal LFTs
A
Non alcoholic fatty liver disease
9
Q
Small bowel overgrowth syndrome diagnosis
A
Hydrogen breath test
10
Q
SAAG >11
A
Portal hypertension
11
Q
SAAG <11
A
Malignancy, infection, pancreatitis, nephrotic syndrome
12
Q
Variceal hemorrhage management
A
Terlipressin
13
Q
Prophylactic Antibiotics in cirrhosis
A
Quinolones are used
14
Q
Endoscopic treatment of Variceal hemorrhage
A
Band ligation > Sclerotherapy
15
Q
Uncontrolled hemorrhage
A
Sengstaken-Blakemore tube
16
Q
Prophylaxis of variceal hemorrhage
A
Propranolol
17
Q
Modified Glasgow scale - Pancreatitis
A
PO2, age, WBC >, hypocalcemia, urea, LDH, Albumin and sugar(BG)
18
Q
De Musset’s sign
A
Aortic Regurgitation
19
Q
Quinke’s Sign
A
Nailbed pulsation- AR
20
Q
Most sensitive and specific lab findings indicating cirrhosis in CLD
A
Thrombocytopenia
21
Q
H Pylori eradication
A
Omeprazole, amoxicillin and Clarithromycin
22
Q
PSC diagnostic test- Gold standard
A
ERCP/MRCP- beaded appearance
23
Q
Treatment of C. Difficile
A
Oral metronidazole 1st line
Severe? Oral metronidazole + IV vancomycin
24
Q
IBD management Ladder
A
- Mesalazine
- Oral azathioprine or mercaptopurin - maintain remission
- Calcinuerin inhibitors- Induce remission if steroids are insufficient
- INFLIXIMAB to induce remission
25
Diagnosis of Toxic megacolon
Abdominal XR
26
Diagnostic intervention for Acute pancreatitis
Clinical Diagnosis first if clear picture
Rule out Gallstones using USS
Bile duct stones not on USS - MRCP
27
Lead pipe appearance on AXR
UC
28
Flare management in UC
IV corticosteroid- Hydrocortisone or methylprednisolone
29
Double duct sign on CT
Pancreatic cancer
30
Pigmented gall stones
Sickle cell anemia
31
Mesalazine can commonly cause what complication
Acute pancreatitis
32
A very high ALT in a patient with mental health problems
Paracetamol overdose
33
Gold standard coeliac disease
Duodenal biopsy
34
Abdominal pain, diarrhoea, and flushing; Bronchospasm, and hepatic Metastasis
Carcinoid tumour
35
Management of severe alcoholic liver disease
Corticosteroids
36
Retro Hepaticus
Sweet and fecal breath - Liver failure
37
Dysphagia, Aspiration pneumonia, halitosis and elderly
Pharyngeal pouch
| Diagnosis - barium swallow
38
A low bicarbonate ion in bloody diarrhoea is an indicative of
Mesenteric ischemia
39
Triad of dysphagia, Glossitis, iron-deficiency anemia
Plummer-Vinson Syndrome
40
Woman, Fever, malaise and jaundice, Moderate hepatomegaly.
| Anti-smooth muscle antibody positive and anti-nuclear antibody positive
Autoimmune hepatitis
41
Management of cord prolapse
elevate presenting part manually or filling the urinary bladder.
42
AST>ALT
Alcohol related disease
43
First line management for IBS diarrhoea
Loperamide
44
Only bilirubin raised on blood test; worse on dehydration
Gilbert syndrome
45
Bilirubin very very high and not Gilbert syndrome
crigler-Najjar Syndrome
46
Transfuse in a normal patient
<70 Hb
47
Coagulation impaired
Fresh frozen plasma
48
ex-smoker, weight loss, dysphagia over time
Esophageal cancer
49
Surgical management of Ulcerative colitis
Pan-protocolectomy
50
Surgical management of UC in acute patient; failed medical treatment
Sub-total colectomy
51
IVDU patient and Acute liver disease
hepatitis C
52
Obesity and diabetic - Liver disease
non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
53
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
related to UC; antibody- pANCA; ursodeoxycolic acid is treatment
54
PBC
Antimitochondrial antibody (AMA) and IgM
55
IgM high, HIgh ALT and travel to endemic regions
Hepatitis A
56
Iron deficiency + Glossitis + angular stomatitis + Esophageal webs
Plummer vinson syndrome
57
progressive dysphagia + GERD + No weight loss
Benign peptic stricture
58
Metaplasia of distal esophagus
Barrets (Squamous to columnar epithelium)
59
Acute severe colitis, megacolon >6cm and
Toxic megacolon
60
Antibiotic treatment before diarrhea; Raised WBC, raised CRP
C. Difficile
61
symptoms worse after use of steroids
gastroenteritis; Dysentery
62
gold standard for CD
endoscopy and duodenal biopsy
63
Endoscopic surveillance with biopsy in what condition
Barrett's Esophagus
64
Confirmation of H. Pylori eradication
Stool antigen test
65
pain relived by meals
Duodenal ulcer
66
Pain worsened by meals
Gastric ulcer
67
Maintain remission in UC
Mild to moderate - Aminosalicylate
| Severe: Azathioprine or 6MTP
68
Commonest cause of HCC in UK
Hepatitis C
69
Acanthus is Nigricans is associated with what cancer
Gastric cancer
70
Diabetic, severe pain in anus, spiking temperature
Perianal abscess
71
Barretts with metaplasia
Endoscopic surveillance
72
If dysplasia on Barretts
Endoscopic mucosal resection and Radiofrequency ablation
73
Achalasia increases the risk of what cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma
74
Barrett’s esophagus
Adenocarcinoma
75
Carcinoid diagnosis
Urinary 5-HIAA
76
Deranged LFTs + Secondary amenorrhea in a young woman
Autoimmune hepatitis
77
Treatment of Wilson’s disease
Penicillamine
78
After USS what should be next investigation in PSC
MRCP
79
What artery runs posterior to the 1st and 2nd part of duodenum and cause peptic ulcer bleeding
Gastroduodenal artery
80
Pancreatic pseudo cyst management
1st line - conservative
| 2nd line: Aspiration or Endoscopic Cystogastrostomy
81
Grey-Turners sign
Pancreatic hemorrhage
82
Sudden onset abdominal pain + Ascites + Tender hepatomegaly + deranged Hepatic enzymes and ALP
Budd-chairi syndrome
83
Wilson’s disease - Serum ceruloplasmin, total serum copper and 24 hour urine copper
Serum Ceruloplasmin and copper is decreased
| 24 hour urine copper is increased
84
Mackler triad: Vomiting + thoracic pain + S/C emphysema
Boerhaave syndrome
85
Antibiotics linked to Clostridium difficile or pseudomembranous colitis
Cefaclor or cephalosporins (Clindamycin)
86
SBO + air in biliary tree
Gallstone lieus
87
Vomiting + chest pain after eating a large meal + systematic upset
Boerhaave syndrome
88
Dude is just feeling ill bro
Duodenum - iron
Jejunum - Folate
Ileum - B12
89
Bloody diarrhoea and eye symptoms
Ulcerative Colitis
90
What will differentiate Celiac and Crohn’s Disease
High ESR
