Respiratory 1 Flashcards
Conduction (Atmung) zones - Order!
Nose -> nasal cavity -> pharynx -> larynx (voicebox) -> trachea (windpipe) -> bronchi (branch to each lung)-> bronchioles (little branches of bronchi)
right lungs with 3 lobes
left lungs with 2 lobes
The function of conducting zone:
Warm and humidify air
cleanse air -> take dirt large substances to trachea
distribute air evenly to deeper parts of lungs
What are alveoli
thing walled area (grape-shaped) - transport of gases
What is the mucociliary transport system?
It contains the pseudostratified columnar epithelia with cilia on top moving mucus along the lumen of the bronchus
the mucus is produced by Goblet cells preventing dirt and bacteria to get into the lungs -> goes toward the trachea, pharynx -> swallow
How small must a substance be to make it to the deeper part of the lung?
smaller than 1 um (micron) -> important for drug delievery
What are the respiratory zone and its characteristics?
Area of gas exchange
simple, squamous, and thin-walled areas
-moist for gas exchange in fluid
-a lot of blood vessels (surrounding alveoli)
Respiratory zone - Order!
Respiratory bronchioles - as soon as alveoli appears -> alveolar duct -> alveolar sacs -> alveoli
Describe the alveolar wall!
Extremely thin (0.2 um)
Type 1 alveolar cells: the majority of the alveoli-wall
Type 2alverolar cells: produce surfactants, breaks the surface tension
Describe the thoracic cavity!
12 ribs
sternum: connects left and right ribs
internal and external intercostal muscles (between the ribs)
external muscles are lifting the ribcage, internal is pulling the ribcage down when contracting
What is the Diaphragm?
separates thoracic from the abdominal cavity
What is the Pleurae? and what is the function of the fluid?
Thin, double-layered serous membrane (produce fluid -> provide friction-free environment)
Parietal pleurae: covers the thoracic wall and upper face of the diaphragm - continuous between lungs and around the heart
Visceral, pulmonary pleurae: covers the external lung surface
How does ventilation occur?
The first stage of respiration
Moving air according to pressure differences
Inhale: pressure in the atmosphere is larger than inside the lungs
Exhale: pressure in lungs is higher than in atmonsphere
What occurs after ventilation?
Gas exchange in alveoli: of O2 and CO2 between alveolar air and blood in lung capillaries by diffusion
-> based on concentration gradient: O2 and CO2 form high to low concentration
What occurs after the first gas exchange?
Gas transport along pressure gradient: aortic pressure higher than atrial
What occurs after gas transport?
Second gas exchange between blood in tissue capillaries and cells in tissues by diffusion
O2 to cells in tissues and CO2 from tissues to blood
