Renal System 1 Flashcards
Main renal terms:
renal (Latin), Nephro (Greek) = pertaining to the kidneys
Nephrology = study of kidneys
Nephrotoxicity = harmful to the kidneys
renal colic = severe fluctuating pain in the kidney
renal clearance =removed from the body through the kidneys
What are the medical terms that describe the location of the kidneys?
Bilateral, and retroperitoneal (behind the Peritoneum - sack with internal organs)
Where does urine go after it is formed?
To the bladder through Ureter
How much blood does the kidney receive per min?
1L / min (20% of cardiac output)
In what two parts is the body of the kidney divided?
Cortex (outer part) and medulla (the inner part containing pyramids)
-> they are divided by the Cortico-medullary junction !!
What are pyramids and nephrons?
Nephrons are the functional unit of the kidney.
Within the pyramids are nephrons, responsible to build urine.
Where does the urine flow after it is built?
Through papilla -> calyx -> renal palvis - Ureter -> urinal bladder
Where does the blood come from and where does it go?
Renal artery -> it splits into the radial artery -> through afferent arterioles it goes to the Browns capsule (Glomerulus)
What is the Glomerulus?
Nest of capillaries
How does the blood leave the Glomerulus?
Through efferent arterioles -> and it breaks up into another nest of capillaries
How does the blood leave the Glomerulus?
Through efferent arterioles -> it breaks up into another nest of capillaries - peritubular caplillaries
What two types of nephrons are there?
Cortical and juxtamedullary nephron
What are the capillaries in the medulla (bottom) called?
Vasa recta (medullary capillaries) around the Loop of Henle
(in Cortex: peritubular capillaries) around tubules
there are some Vasa recta capillaries on the cortical nephron
and some peritubular capillaries on the juxtamedullary nephron
Where does the blood get filtered and the first urine is formed (ultrafiltrate)?
In the Bowman’s capsule out of the Glomerus capillaries -> first urine is formed
Where does the urine go after it gets formed?
Proximal convoluted tubules, and flows down through the Loop of Henle
How is the Loop of Henle divided?
1) Descending limb (thick) -> 2) Thin segment of ascending limb -> 3) Thick segment of Ascending limb
What is special about the ascending portion (thick)?
At the top, it is the distal tub
It goes right between the efferent and afferent arterioles, where the Macula densa is located!
Where does the urine go after ascending limb?
It goes further through the distal convoluted tube to the cortical collecting tube and the medullary collecting tube -> renal pelvis -> Ureter
What are Podocytes?
Epithelial cells covering the outer surface of glomerular capillaries
How is blood flow through afferent arterioles controlled?
Smooth muscles cells surrounding the afferent arterioles -> Vasoconstriction and Vasodilation
How are substances transported from capillaries into Bowman’s capsule?
Substances are filtered through fenestrae and they flow through filtration slits between Podocytes into Bowmans capsule
Which part of the structure is considered the fine filter?
Base membrane
in some diseases the base membrane is damaged, -> things too big like proteins get out
