Respiratiory C3-C7 Flashcards
Tidal volume
Amount of air inspired or expired per breath
0.5L
Increases during exercise
Inspiratory reserve volume
Maximal amount of air forcibly inspired in addition to tidal volume
Decrease during exercise
Expiratory reserve volume
Maximal amount of air forcibly expired in addition to tidal volume
Decrease during exercise
Residual volume
Amount of air left in lungs after a maximal expiration
Approx 1.5L
Stays same in exercise
Minute ventilation
Volume of air inspired or expired per minute
6L at rest
Increase in exercise
Vital capacity
Amount of air that can be forced out of lungs after maximal inspiration
Stays same in exercise
Total lung volume
Total lung capacity after you’ve inhaled as deeply and as much as you can after maximal inspiration
Stays same in exercise
Neural control of breathing
Breathing controlled by neurones in medulla
Dorsal respiratory group and ventral respiratory group are the two areas responsible for neural control
Chemical control
Sensors that respond to changes are chemoreceptors
They are found in medulla, aortic arch and carotid arteries
Sensors detect changes in CO2 and acidity of blood
Process of increasing breathing rate
Increase of CO2
Increase in blood acidity
Change detected by chemoreceptors
Signal sent to respiratory control centre located in medulla
Signal sent down sympathetic NS to intercostal muscles and diaphragm
Increases BR
Short term responses
Increased breathing rate and TV
Muscles demand more O2
Increase in CO2 production
Capillary network surrounding alveoli expands
Increased blood flow to lungs and pulmonary diffusion
Adaptations of respiratory system
Increased vital capacity - increased and more efficient supply of O2 to working muscles
Increased strength of respiratory muscles- greater expansion of chest cavity. Muscles more pliable
Increase in O2 and CO2 diffusion rate - can train longer and harder. Increased alveoli and capillaries
Additional factors
Asthma
When airways in lungs narrow and swell and becomes built up with mucus. This makes it difficult to breathe
Additional factors
Altitude
Low air pressure and density of oxygen
Harder to breathe in this oxygen
Short term:
Lungs work harder. Shortness of breath, dizziness, headaches. Need to breathe faster and deeper
Long term:
Lungs acclimatise so more efficient. More RBCs and capillaries produced to oxygenate blood more efficiently
