CV D1-D2

Question 1

Main parts of heart

Answer 1

Coronary arteries - supply oxygenated blood to heart muscle
Ventricles- thicker walls than atria
Bicuspid valve- prevents backflow of blood between left atrium and left ventricle
Tricuspid valve - prevents backflow of blood from right ventricle to right atrium
Semi lunar valves - prevent backflow of blood from ventricles to aorta/pulmonary artery

Question 2

Main parts of heart 2

Answer 2

Aorta - originates in left ventricle and carries oxygenated blood to the body
Superior vena cava - receives deoxygenated blood from upper body to empty into right atrium
Inferior vena cava - receives deoxygenated blood from lower body to empty into right atrium
Pulmonary vein - carries oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium
Pulmonary artery - carries the oxygenated blood from heart back to lungs

Question 3

Arteries

Answer 3

Carry oxygenated blood away from heart
Blood under high pressure
Thick muscular walls and narrow lumen

Question 4

Veins

Answer 4

Carry deoxygenated blood back to heart
Blood under low pressure
Thin walls and large lumen

Question 5

Capillaries

Answer 5

Thin, semi permeable wall
Surrounded by lots of alveoli for gaseous exchange
Connect arterioles to venules

Question 6

Arterioles

Answer 6

Adjusts blood flow to capillaries responding to differing demands for oxygen

Question 7

Red blood cells

Answer 7

Carry oxygen
Large SA
Bi concave disc shape

Question 8

White blood cells

Answer 8

Fight infection - engulf and digest pathogen, produce antibodies and antitoxins
Originate in bone marrow

Question 9

Platelets

Answer 9

Clot the blood
Disc shaped

Question 10

Plasma

Answer 10

Carries blood cells
Carries CO2 dissolved as carbonic acid

Question 11

Functions
Delivering oxygen and nutrients

Answer 11

During exercise the body needs more O2 and nutrients so more blood pumped as HR increases so more O2 to muscles
When CV system can’t meet demands, fatigue occurs

Question 12

Functions
Removing waste products

Answer 12

CV system transports waste products eg lactate and CO2 to kidneys and liver and returns CO2 from tissues and lungs

Question 13

Functions
Thermoregulation (and nutrients to muscles)

Answer 13

Vasodilation- diameter of blood vessels widen. Increases blood flow to skin. Decreased temp. And more O2 to muscles
Vasoconstriction- diameter of blood vessels decreases. Reduces blood flow to skin so prevents heat loss.
Vasoconstriction in non essential organs redirecting blood flow to active muscles

Question 14

Functions
Blood clotting

Answer 14

A damaged blood vessel wall is covered by a fibrin clot to help repair damaged vessel. Platelets form a plug at site of damage.
Coagulation factors respond to form fibrin strands which strengthen platelet plug.