Function And Joints Of Skeletal System

Question 1

8 functions:

Answer 1

Protection of vital organs
Storage
Reduce friction
Weight bearing
Leverage
Shape + support
Blood cell production
Attachment for muscles

Question 2

Protection

Answer 2

Bones protect many vital organs eg. Cranium protects the brain

Question 3

Mineral storage

Answer 3

Bones store vital minerals eg calcium and lipids stored in diaphysis and RBCs stored in epiphysis

Question 4

Reduce friction

Answer 4

Synovial fluid released. Sesamoid bones eg. patella provide smooth surface for tendon to slide over

Question 5

Weight bearing

Answer 5

Lumbar vertebrae’s purpose is to bear the weight of the body

Question 6

Leverage

Answer 6

Skeleton acts as levers to allow movement

Question 7

Shape + support

Answer 7

Mainly from our axial skeleton

Question 8

Blood cell production

Answer 8

RBCs, WBCs and platelets produced in red bone marrow. Found in flat bones and epiphysis in long bone

Question 9

Attachment for muscles

Answer 9

Tendons attach muscle to bone allowing movement. Muscles attach to flat bone eg. Scapula

Question 10

Function of long bone

Answer 10

Movement, support, RBC production. Stores blood cells and minerals
Eg. Femur, humerus

Question 11

Functions of short bone

Answer 11

Fine movement, shock absorption, stability, weight bearing
Eg. Carpals, tarsals

Question 12

Functions of flat bone

Answer 12

Protection for vital organs, muscle attachment
Eg. Sternum, scapula, cranium

Question 13

Functions of irregular bone

Answer 13

Protect spinal chord, movement
Eg vertebrae

Question 14

Functions of Sesamoid bone

Answer 14

Protection, reduce friction
Eg patella

Question 15

3 main types of joint

Answer 15

Immovable joint
Slightly moveable
Synovial joint

Question 16

Immoveable joints

Answer 16

Bones can’t move. They overlap and are held together by a tough fibre and has no joint cavity.
Protection
Eg cranium

Question 17

Slightly moveable joints

Answer 17

Bones can only move a little
Held together by ligaments and joined by cartilage
Eg ribs/vertebrae. In ribs to allow us to move

Question 18

Synovial joints

Answer 18

Bones move freely
Eg hips, shoulders, knees

Question 19

Joint capsule

Answer 19

Strengthens the joint so it doesn’t pull apart

Question 20

Synovial membrane

Answer 20

Encloses fluid and secretes synovial fluid

Question 21

Articular cartilage

Answer 21

Prevents friction between and cushions end of bones

Question 22

Synovial fluid

Answer 22

Viscous liquid that lubricates the joint, reduces friction

Question 23

Bursa

Answer 23

Small synovial fluid filled sac, cushion between bones and tendons

Question 24

Ligaments

Answer 24

Strong tissue that holds bones together. They add stability to joints

Question 25

Hinge joint

Answer 25

Little movement
Eg elbow, knee, ankle
Eg extension at knee when kicking football

Question 26

Ball + socket joint

Answer 26

Lots of movement
Eg shoulder, hip
Eg circumduction in shoulder when bowling in cricket

Question 27

Condyloid joint

Answer 27

More movement than hinge joint
Up, down, side to side movement
Eg wrist, knuckles

Question 28

Gliding joint

Answer 28

Movement between the surfaces is very small
Eg carpals, tarsals
Eg shooting in netball

Question 29

Pivot joint

Answer 29

Pivot like movement
Atlas + axis of neck
Moving your head from side to side
Rotation

Question 30

Saddle joint

Answer 30

Greater freedom of movement to condyloid joint
Eg joints of thumb
Important in racket sports - forehand shot in table tennis

Question 31

Dorsiflexion

Answer 31

Upward movement of the ankle
Eg downward movement of squat

Question 32

Plantar flexion

Answer 32

A movement that points the toes downwards by straightening the ankle
When ballet dancers go en pointe

Question 33

Lateral flexion

Answer 33

The movement of bending sideways eg at the waist
Eg a boxer bending at the waist to slip a punch

Question 34

Horizontal flexion

Answer 34

Bending the elbow while the arm is infront in your body
Eg when taking bat back in table tennis

Question 35

Horizontal extension

Answer 35

Straightening the elbow when the arm is in front of your body
Eg when you play the backhand shot in table tennis

Question 36

Hyper extension

Answer 36

Movement beyond the normal anatomical position in a direction opposite to flexion
Eg in the preparation phase to kick a football

Question 37

Abduction

Answer 37

Movement away from the body’s vertical midline
When you take your arms up in a star jump

Question 38

Adduction

Answer 38

Movement towards the body’s vertical midline
When you lower the arms in star jump

Question 39

Horizontal abduction

Answer 39

Bringing your arm across your body away from the midline (flexion)
Eg when you take the discus back

Question 40

Horizontal adduction

Answer 40

Bringing your arm across the body to an anterior position (extension)
Eg when you throw discus

Question 41

Circumduction

Answer 41

Circular movement that results in a conical action
Eg butterfly in swimming

Question 42

Rotation

Answer 42

Circular movement of a limb
Eg at shoulder joint during tennis serve
Pivot joint at neck

Question 43

Articulating bones

Answer 43

Shoulder- scapula, humerus
Elbow- humerus, radius, ulna
Hip- femur, pelvis
Knee- femur, tibia
Ankle- tibia, fibula, tarsals
Wrist- radius, ulna, carpals