Muscular System B1-B4 Flashcards
Cardiac muscle
Only found in the walls of heart
To circulate blood through and out of the heart
Involuntary
Does not fatigue
Skeletal muscle
Attached to bones of the skeletal system
Function: movement plus support and posture
Voluntary
Contract by impulse from brain
Muscle fibres work together in motor units
Does fatigue
Smooth muscle
Found in walls of hollow organs eg intestine, stomach
Controls body functions eg movement of food through the body
Involuntary
Slow contraction
Synergist
Muscles that work together to make the agonist more effective
Muscle close to insertion
Fixator
Muscles that stabilise the joint by eliminating unwanted movement
Muscle close to origin
Muscles and functions 1
Triceps - extends lower arm
Biceps - flexes lower arm at elbow
Wrist flexors - flexes hand at wrist
Wrist extensor - extends hand at wrist
Supinator- supinate forearm
Pronator- pronate forearm
Deltoids - abducts, flexes and extends upper arm
Pectorals - flexes and adducts upper arm
Muscles and functions 2
Abdominals - flex and rotate lumbar region of vertebral column
Obliques - lateral flexion of trunk
Quads - extends lower leg and flexes thigh
Hamstrings - flexes lower leg and extends thigh
Gastrocnemius - plantar flexion, flexes knee
Soleus- plantar flexion
Tibialis anterior - dorsiflexion of foot
Muscles and functions 3
Hip flexor - flex hip joint
Gluteals - extends thigh
Erector spinae- extension of spine
Trapezius - elevates and depresses scapula
Lats- extends and adducts lower arm
Origin
Tendon attached to bone that doesn’t move
Insertion
Tendon attached to bone that does move
2 types of isotonic contraction
Concentric
Eccentric
Concentric
Muscle contracts and shortens
Most common movement
Eccentric
Muscle contracts and lengthens
Lowering movement eg downward phase of squat
Isometric contraction
Little or no movement in muscle or joint
Eg bottom phase of squat
Plank
Example of concentric movement
Bicep curl
Upward phase of press up
